Data preparation

The neuralgcm-torch version of the upstream data_preparation notebook: preparing ERA5-style data for NeuralGCM and converting between xarray.Dataset and the dict-of-tensors format used by the model API. Needs network access for the ERA5 data (anonymous GCS).

NeuralGCM models take and produce data on ERA5’s 37 pressure levels, including the following variables, provided in SI units on the NeuralGCM model’s native grid:

• Inputs/outputs (on pressure levels): u_component_of_wind, v_component_of_wind, geopotential, temperature, specific_humidity, specific_cloud_ice_water_content, specific_cloud_liquid_water_content.

• Forcings (surface level only): sea_surface_temperature, sea_ice_cover.

sim_time is the only exception, which gives time in NeuralGCM’s internal nondimensional units.

Regridding data

Preparing a dataset stored on a different horizontal grid for NeuralGCM requires two steps:

1. Horizontal regridding to a Gaussian grid. For processing fine-resolution data conservative regridding is most appropriate (and is what we used to train NeuralGCM).

2. Filling in all missing values (NaN), to ensure all inputs are valid. Forcing fields like sea_surface_temperature are only defined over ocean in ERA5, and NeuralGCM’s surface model also includes a mask that ignores values over land.

import numpy as np
import torch
import xarray

from dinosaur_torch import horizontal_interpolation
from dinosaur_torch import xarray_utils
import neuralgcm_torch as neuralgcm

device = 'cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu'

from neuralgcm_torch import pretrained
# Fetched from the Hugging Face Hub on first use (cached), or reused from
# a local checkpoints/ directory if present.
converted_path = pretrained.fetch_checkpoint('tl63_stochastic_mini', local_root='checkpoints')
model = neuralgcm.PressureLevelModel.from_checkpoint(converted_path, device=device)

era5_path = 'gs://gcp-public-data-arco-era5/ar/full_37-1h-0p25deg-chunk-1.zarr-v3'
full_era5 = xarray.open_zarr(
    era5_path, chunks=None, storage_options=dict(token='anon')
)
full_era5

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 4PB
Dimensions:                                                          (
                                                                      time: 1323648,
                                                                      latitude: 721,
                                                                      longitude: 1440,
                                                                      level: 37)
Coordinates:
  * time                                                             (time) datetime64[ns] 11MB ...
  * latitude                                                         (latitude) float32 3kB ...
  * longitude                                                        (longitude) float32 6kB ...
  * level                                                            (level) int64 296B ...
Data variables: (12/273)
    100m_u_component_of_wind                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    100m_v_component_of_wind                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_u_component_of_neutral_wind                                  (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_u_component_of_wind                                          (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_v_component_of_neutral_wind                                  (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_v_component_of_wind                                          (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    ...                                                               ...
    wave_spectral_directional_width_for_swell                        (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_directional_width_for_wind_waves                   (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_kurtosis                                           (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_peakedness                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_skewness                                           (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    zero_degree_level                                                (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
Attributes:
    last_updated:           2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00
    valid_time_start:       1940-01-01
    valid_time_stop:        2025-12-31
    valid_time_stop_era5t:  2026-06-06

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • time: 1323648
  • latitude: 721
  • longitude: 1440
  • level: 37
• Coordinates: (4)
  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    1900-01-01 ... 2050-12-31T23:00:00

    array(['1900-01-01T00:00:00.000000000', '1900-01-01T01:00:00.000000000',
           '1900-01-01T02:00:00.000000000', ..., '2050-12-31T21:00:00.000000000',
           '2050-12-31T22:00:00.000000000', '2050-12-31T23:00:00.000000000'],
          shape=(1323648,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    90.0 89.75 89.5 ... -89.75 -90.0

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([ 90.  ,  89.75,  89.5 , ..., -89.5 , -89.75, -90.  ],
          shape=(721,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.25 0.5 ... 359.2 359.5 359.8

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([0.0000e+00, 2.5000e-01, 5.0000e-01, ..., 3.5925e+02, 3.5950e+02,
           3.5975e+02], shape=(1440,), dtype=float32)

  • level
    (level)
    int64
    1 2 3 5 7 ... 900 925 950 975 1000

    long_name :

    level

    units :

    Hectopascal(hPa)

    array([   1,    2,    3,    5,    7,   10,   20,   30,   50,   70,  100,  125,
            150,  175,  200,  225,  250,  300,  350,  400,  450,  500,  550,  600,
            650,  700,  750,  775,  800,  825,  850,  875,  900,  925,  950,  975,
           1000])

• Data variables: (273)
  • 100m_u_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    100 metre U wind component

    short_name :

    u100

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 100m_v_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    100 metre V wind component

    short_name :

    v100

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_u_component_of_neutral_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Neutral wind at 10 m u-component

    short_name :

    u10n

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_u_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre U wind component

    short_name :

    u10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_v_component_of_neutral_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Neutral wind at 10 m v-component

    short_name :

    v10n

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_v_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre V wind component

    short_name :

    v10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_wind_gust_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    fg10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 2m_dewpoint_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    2 metre dewpoint temperature

    short_name :

    d2m

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • 2m_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    2 metre temperature

    short_name :

    t2m

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • air_density_over_the_oceans
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Air density over the oceans

    short_name :

    p140209

    units :

    kg m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • angle_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Angle of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    anor

    units :

    radians

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • anisotropy_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Anisotropy of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    isor

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • benjamin_feir_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Benjamin-Feir index

    short_name :

    bfi

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • boundary_layer_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Boundary layer dissipation

    short_name :

    bld

    standard_name :

    kinetic_energy_dissipation_in_atmosphere_boundary_layer

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • boundary_layer_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Boundary layer height

    short_name :

    blh

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • charnock
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Charnock

    short_name :

    chnk

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • clear_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface

    short_name :

    cdir

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • cloud_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Cloud base height

    short_name :

    cbh

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • coefficient_of_drag_with_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Coefficient of drag with waves

    short_name :

    cdww

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_available_potential_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective available potential energy

    short_name :

    cape

    units :

    J kg**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_inhibition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective inhibition

    short_name :

    cin

    units :

    J kg**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective precipitation

    short_name :

    cp

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_rain_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective rain rate

    short_name :

    crr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective snowfall

    short_name :

    csf

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective snowfall rate water equivalent

    short_name :

    csfr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • downward_uv_radiation_at_the_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Downward UV radiation at the surface

    short_name :

    uvb

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • duct_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Duct base height

    short_name :

    dctb

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Eastward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    lgws

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    ewss

    standard_name :

    surface_downward_eastward_stress

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Evaporation

    short_name :

    e

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_water_evaporation_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_albedo
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast albedo

    short_name :

    fal

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_logarithm_of_surface_roughness_for_heat
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast logarithm of surface roughness for heat

    short_name :

    flsr

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_surface_roughness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast surface roughness

    short_name :

    fsr

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • fraction_of_cloud_cover
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Fraction of cloud cover

    short_name :

    cc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • free_convective_velocity_over_the_oceans
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Free convective velocity over the oceans

    short_name :

    p140208

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • friction_velocity
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Friction velocity

    short_name :

    zust

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • geopotential
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • geopotential_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • gravity_wave_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Gravity wave dissipation

    short_name :

    gwd

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • high_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    High cloud cover

    short_name :

    hcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • high_vegetation_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    High vegetation cover

    short_name :

    cvh

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 1

    short_name :

    istl1

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 2

    short_name :

    istl2

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 3

    short_name :

    istl3

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 4

    short_name :

    istl4

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_10m_wind_gust
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous 10 metre wind gust

    short_name :

    i10fg

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    iews

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_large_scale_surface_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous large-scale surface precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    ilspf

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_moisture_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous moisture flux

    short_name :

    ie

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    inss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    ishf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • k_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    K index

    short_name :

    kx

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_bottom_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake bottom temperature

    short_name :

    lblt

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake cover

    short_name :

    cl

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake total depth

    short_name :

    dl

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_ice_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake ice total depth

    short_name :

    licd

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_ice_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake ice surface temperature

    short_name :

    lict

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_mix_layer_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake mix-layer depth

    short_name :

    lmld

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_mix_layer_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake mix-layer temperature

    short_name :

    lmlt

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_shape_factor
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake shape factor

    short_name :

    lshf

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_total_layer_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake total layer temperature

    short_name :

    ltlt

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • land_sea_mask
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Land-sea mask

    short_name :

    lsm

    standard_name :

    land_binary_mask

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale precipitation

    short_name :

    lsp

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    lspf

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_rain_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large scale rain rate

    short_name :

    lsrr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale snowfall

    short_name :

    lsf

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large scale snowfall rate water equivalent

    short_name :

    lssfr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • leaf_area_index_high_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Leaf area index, high vegetation

    short_name :

    lai_hv

    units :

    m**2 m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • leaf_area_index_low_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Leaf area index, low vegetation

    short_name :

    lai_lv

    units :

    m**2 m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • low_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Low cloud cover

    short_name :

    lcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • low_vegetation_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Low vegetation cover

    short_name :

    cvl

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mx2t

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_individual_wave_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum individual wave height

    short_name :

    hmax

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mxtpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_boundary_layer_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean boundary layer dissipation

    short_name :

    mbld

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_convective_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean convective precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mcpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_convective_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean convective snowfall rate

    short_name :

    mcsr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_direction_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean direction of total swell

    short_name :

    mdts

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_direction_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean direction of wind waves

    short_name :

    mdww

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean eastward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    megwss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    metss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mer

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_gravity_wave_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean gravity wave dissipation

    short_name :

    mgwd

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    mlspf

    units :

    Proportion

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mlspr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale snowfall rate

    short_name :

    mlssr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean northward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    mngwss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    mntss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_period_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean period of total swell

    short_name :

    mpts

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_period_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean period of wind waves

    short_name :

    mpww

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_potential_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean potential evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mper

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean runoff rate

    short_name :

    mror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_sea_level_pressure
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean sea level pressure

    short_name :

    msl

    standard_name :

    air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level

    units :

    Pa

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snow_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snow evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mser

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snowfall rate

    short_name :

    msr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snowmelt_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snowmelt rate

    short_name :

    msmr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_square_slope_of_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean square slope of waves

    short_name :

    msqs

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_sub_surface_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean sub-surface runoff rate

    short_name :

    mssror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdrswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdrswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdwlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdwswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_uv_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward UV radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwuvrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_latent_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface latent heat flux

    short_name :

    mslhf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msnlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msnlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msnswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msnswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface runoff rate

    short_name :

    msror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    msshf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top downward short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtdwswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtnlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    mtnlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtnswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    mtnswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_total_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean total precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mtpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer

    short_name :

    dndza

    units :

    m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean vertically integrated moisture divergence

    short_name :

    mvimd

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction

    short_name :

    mwd

    units :

    Degree true

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140122

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140125

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140128

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period

    short_name :

    mwp

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment

    short_name :

    mp1

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment for swell

    short_name :

    p1ps

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment for wind waves

    short_name :

    p1ww

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on second moment for swell

    short_name :

    p2ps

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on second moment for wind waves

    short_name :

    p2ww

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140123

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140126

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140129

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_zero_crossing_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean zero-crossing wave period

    short_name :

    mp2

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • medium_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Medium cloud cover

    short_name :

    mcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mn2t

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mntpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer

    short_name :

    dndzn

    units :

    m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • model_bathymetry
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Model bathymetry

    short_name :

    wmb

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • near_ir_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation

    short_name :

    alnid

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • near_ir_albedo_for_direct_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Near IR albedo for direct radiation

    short_name :

    alnip

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_energy_flux_into_ocean
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized energy flux into ocean

    short_name :

    phioc

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_energy_flux_into_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized energy flux into waves

    short_name :

    phiaw

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_stress_into_ocean
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized stress into ocean

    short_name :

    tauoc

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Northward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    mgws

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    nsss

    standard_name :

    surface_downward_northward_stress

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_direction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind direction

    short_name :

    dwi

    units :

    degrees

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_speed
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind speed

    short_name :

    wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • ozone_mass_mixing_ratio
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ozone mass mixing ratio

    short_name :

    o3

    standard_name :

    mass_fraction_of_ozone_in_air

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • peak_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Peak wave period

    short_name :

    pp1d

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • period_corresponding_to_maximum_individual_wave_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Period corresponding to maximum individual wave height

    short_name :

    tmax

    units :

    s

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • potential_evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Potential evaporation

    short_name :

    pev

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • potential_vorticity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Potential vorticity

    short_name :

    pv

    units :

    K m**2 kg**-1 s**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • precipitation_type
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Precipitation type

    short_name :

    ptype

    units :

    code table (4.201)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Runoff

    short_name :

    ro

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • sea_ice_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sea ice area fraction

    short_name :

    siconc

    standard_name :

    sea_ice_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • sea_surface_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sea surface temperature

    short_name :

    sst

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_combined_wind_waves_and_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of combined wind waves and swell

    short_name :

    swh

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of total swell

    short_name :

    shts

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of wind waves

    short_name :

    shww

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140121

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140124

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140127

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • skin_reservoir_content
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Skin reservoir content

    short_name :

    src

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • skin_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Skin temperature

    short_name :

    skt

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • slope_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Slope of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    slor

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_albedo
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow albedo

    short_name :

    asn

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_density
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow density

    short_name :

    rsn

    units :

    kg m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow depth

    short_name :

    sd

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow evaporation

    short_name :

    es

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snowfall

    short_name :

    sf

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • snowmelt
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snowmelt

    short_name :

    smlt

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 1

    short_name :

    stl1

    standard_name :

    surface_temperature

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 2

    short_name :

    stl2

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 3

    short_name :

    stl3

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 4

    short_name :

    stl4

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_type
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil type

    short_name :

    slt

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_cloud_ice_water_content
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific cloud ice water content

    short_name :

    ciwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_cloud_liquid_water_content
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific cloud liquid water content

    short_name :

    clwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_humidity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific humidity

    short_name :

    q

    standard_name :

    specific_humidity

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • standard_deviation_of_filtered_subgrid_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Standard deviation of filtered subgrid orography

    short_name :

    sdfor

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • standard_deviation_of_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Standard deviation of orography

    short_name :

    sdor

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • sub_surface_runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sub-surface runoff

    short_name :

    ssro

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_latent_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface latent heat flux

    short_name :

    slhf

    standard_name :

    surface_upward_latent_heat_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net solar radiation

    short_name :

    ssr

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net solar radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    ssrc

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_thermal_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net thermal radiation

    short_name :

    str

    standard_name :

    surface_net_upward_longwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    strc

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_pressure
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface pressure

    short_name :

    sp

    standard_name :

    surface_air_pressure

    units :

    Pa

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface runoff

    short_name :

    sro

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    sshf

    standard_name :

    surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_solar_radiation_downward_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky

    short_name :

    ssrdc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_solar_radiation_downwards
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface solar radiation downwards

    short_name :

    ssrd

    standard_name :

    surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_thermal_radiation_downward_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky

    short_name :

    strdc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_thermal_radiation_downwards
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface thermal radiation downwards

    short_name :

    strd

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • temperature
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Temperature

    short_name :

    t

    standard_name :

    air_temperature

    units :

    K

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • temperature_of_snow_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Temperature of snow layer

    short_name :

    tsn

    standard_name :

    temperature_in_surface_snow

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • toa_incident_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    TOA incident solar radiation

    short_name :

    tisr

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net solar radiation

    short_name :

    tsr

    standard_name :

    toa_net_upward_shortwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net solar radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    tsrc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_thermal_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net thermal radiation

    short_name :

    ttr

    standard_name :

    toa_outgoing_longwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net thermal radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    ttrc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total cloud cover

    short_name :

    tcc

    standard_name :

    cloud_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_cloud_ice_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column cloud ice water

    short_name :

    tciw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_cloud_liquid_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column cloud liquid water

    short_name :

    tclw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_ozone
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column ozone

    short_name :

    tco3

    standard_name :

    atmosphere_mass_content_of_ozone

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_rain_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column rain water

    short_name :

    tcrw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_snow_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column snow water

    short_name :

    tcsw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_supercooled_liquid_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column supercooled liquid water

    short_name :

    tcslw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column water

    short_name :

    tcw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_water_vapour
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column vertically-integrated water vapour

    short_name :

    tcwv

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total precipitation

    short_name :

    tp

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total sky direct solar radiation at surface

    short_name :

    fdir

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_totals_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total totals index

    short_name :

    totalx

    units :

    K

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • trapping_layer_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Trapping layer base height

    short_name :

    tplb

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • trapping_layer_top_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Trapping layer top height

    short_name :

    tplt

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • type_of_high_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Type of high vegetation

    short_name :

    tvh

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • type_of_low_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Type of low vegetation

    short_name :

    tvl

    units :

    ~

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • u_component_of_wind
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    short_name :

    u

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • u_component_stokes_drift
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    U-component stokes drift

    short_name :

    ust

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • uv_visible_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation

    short_name :

    aluvd

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • uv_visible_albedo_for_direct_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    UV visible albedo for direct radiation

    short_name :

    aluvp

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • v_component_of_wind
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    short_name :

    v

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • v_component_stokes_drift
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    V-component stokes drift

    short_name :

    vst

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p80.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p79.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p85.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p82.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of mass flux

    short_name :

    p81.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_moisture_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of moisture flux

    short_name :

    p84.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of ozone flux

    short_name :

    p87.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_thermal_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of thermal energy flux

    short_name :

    p83.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of total energy flux

    short_name :

    p86.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p90.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p88.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p73.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward heat flux

    short_name :

    p69.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p67.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward mass flux

    short_name :

    p65.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward ozone flux

    short_name :

    p77.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward total energy flux

    short_name :

    p75.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_water_vapour_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux

    short_name :

    p71.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_energy_conversion
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of energy conversion

    short_name :

    p64.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_kinetic_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of kinetic energy

    short_name :

    p59.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_mass_of_atmosphere
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of mass of atmosphere

    short_name :

    p53.162

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_mass_tendency
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of mass tendency

    short_name :

    p92.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p91.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p89.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p74.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward heat flux

    short_name :

    p70.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p68.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward mass flux

    short_name :

    p66.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward ozone flux

    short_name :

    p78.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward total energy flux

    short_name :

    p76.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_water_vapour_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux

    short_name :

    p72.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_potential_and_internal_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of potential+internal energy

    short_name :

    p61.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_potential_internal_and_latent_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of potential+internal+latent energy

    short_name :

    p62.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of temperature

    short_name :

    p54.162

    units :

    K kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_thermal_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of thermal energy

    short_name :

    p60.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_total_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of total energy

    short_name :

    p63.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_velocity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical velocity

    short_name :

    w

    standard_name :

    lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure

    units :

    Pa s**-1

    [50847779082240 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertically integrated moisture divergence

    short_name :

    vimd

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 1

    short_name :

    swvl1

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 2

    short_name :

    swvl2

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 3

    short_name :

    swvl3

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 4

    short_name :

    swvl4

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width

    short_name :

    wdw

    units :

    radians

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width for swell

    short_name :

    dwps

    units :

    radians

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width for wind waves

    short_name :

    dwww

    units :

    radians

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_kurtosis
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral kurtosis

    short_name :

    wsk

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_peakedness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral peakedness

    short_name :

    wsp

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_skewness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave Spectral Skewness

    short_name :

    wss

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

  • zero_degree_level
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    0 degrees C isothermal level (atm)

    short_name :

    deg0l

    units :

    m

    [1374264299520 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (4)

  last_updated :

  2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00

  valid_time_start :

  1940-01-01

  valid_time_stop :

  2025-12-31

  valid_time_stop_era5t :

  2026-06-06

Based on this dataset and our model grid, we can build a Regridder object:

full_era5_grid = xarray_utils.grid_spec_from_dataset(full_era5)
regridder = horizontal_interpolation.ConservativeRegridder(
    full_era5_grid, model.data_grid, skipna=True, device=device
)

skipna=True in ConservativeRegridder means grid cells with a mix of NaN/non-NaN values should be filled skipping NaN values. This ensures sea surface temperature and sea ice cover remains defined in coarse grid cells that overlap coastlines.

Regridding requires the data to be first loaded into memory. Because this full dataset is gigantic (100s of TB) we’ll only regrid a single time point:

variables = model.input_variables + model.forcing_variables
sliced_era5 = full_era5[variables].sel(time='2020-01-01T00').compute()
sliced_era5

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 1GB
Dimensions:                              (level: 37, latitude: 721,
                                          longitude: 1440)
Coordinates:
  * level                                (level) int64 296B 1 2 3 ... 975 1000
  * latitude                             (latitude) float32 3kB 90.0 ... -90.0
  * longitude                            (longitude) float32 6kB 0.0 ... 359.8
    time                                 datetime64[ns] 8B 2020-01-01
Data variables:
    geopotential                         (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    specific_humidity                    (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    temperature                          (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    u_component_of_wind                  (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    v_component_of_wind                  (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    specific_cloud_ice_water_content     (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    specific_cloud_liquid_water_content  (level, latitude, longitude) float32 154MB ...
    sea_ice_cover                        (latitude, longitude) float32 4MB 1....
    sea_surface_temperature              (latitude, longitude) float32 4MB 27...
Attributes:
    last_updated:           2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00
    valid_time_start:       1940-01-01
    valid_time_stop:        2025-12-31
    valid_time_stop_era5t:  2026-06-06

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • level: 37
  • latitude: 721
  • longitude: 1440
• Coordinates: (4)
  • level
    (level)
    int64
    1 2 3 5 7 ... 900 925 950 975 1000

    long_name :

    level

    units :

    Hectopascal(hPa)

    array([   1,    2,    3,    5,    7,   10,   20,   30,   50,   70,  100,  125,
            150,  175,  200,  225,  250,  300,  350,  400,  450,  500,  550,  600,
            650,  700,  750,  775,  800,  825,  850,  875,  900,  925,  950,  975,
           1000])

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    90.0 89.75 89.5 ... -89.75 -90.0

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([ 90.  ,  89.75,  89.5 , ..., -89.5 , -89.75, -90.  ],
          shape=(721,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.25 0.5 ... 359.2 359.5 359.8

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([0.0000e+00, 2.5000e-01, 5.0000e-01, ..., 3.5925e+02, 3.5950e+02,
           3.5975e+02], shape=(1440,), dtype=float32)

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2020-01-01

    array('2020-01-01T00:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (9)
  • geopotential
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    4.289e+05 4.289e+05 ... -176.0

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    array([[[ 4.2887469e+05,  4.2887469e+05,  4.2887469e+05, ...,
              4.2887469e+05,  4.2887469e+05,  4.2887469e+05],
            [ 4.2857897e+05,  4.2857897e+05,  4.2857897e+05, ...,
              4.2858016e+05,  4.2857897e+05,  4.2857897e+05],
            [ 4.2827612e+05,  4.2827494e+05,  4.2827494e+05, ...,
              4.2827850e+05,  4.2827612e+05,  4.2827612e+05],
            ...,
            [ 4.9332238e+05,  4.9332238e+05,  4.9332238e+05, ...,
              4.9332238e+05,  4.9332238e+05,  4.9332238e+05],
            [ 4.9337244e+05,  4.9337244e+05,  4.9337244e+05, ...,
              4.9337244e+05,  4.9337244e+05,  4.9337244e+05],
            [ 4.9341656e+05,  4.9341656e+05,  4.9341656e+05, ...,
              4.9341656e+05,  4.9341656e+05,  4.9341656e+05]],
    
           [[ 3.7737266e+05,  3.7737266e+05,  3.7737266e+05, ...,
              3.7737266e+05,  3.7737266e+05,  3.7737266e+05],
            [ 3.7703603e+05,  3.7703500e+05,  3.7703500e+05, ...,
              3.7703809e+05,  3.7703809e+05,  3.7703603e+05],
            [ 3.7673256e+05,  3.7673050e+05,  3.7673050e+05, ...,
              3.7673878e+05,  3.7673672e+05,  3.7673462e+05],
    ...
              1.6666102e+03,  1.6662791e+03,  1.6659478e+03],
            [ 1.7074587e+03,  1.7073483e+03,  1.7072378e+03, ...,
              1.7080107e+03,  1.7079003e+03,  1.7075691e+03],
            [ 1.7734785e+03,  1.7734785e+03,  1.7734785e+03, ...,
              1.7734785e+03,  1.7734785e+03,  1.7734785e+03]],
    
           [[-2.2715576e+01, -2.2715576e+01, -2.2715576e+01, ...,
             -2.2715576e+01, -2.2715576e+01, -2.2715576e+01],
            [-3.6230804e+01, -3.6120911e+01, -3.5901154e+01, ...,
             -3.6450562e+01, -3.6340668e+01, -3.6340668e+01],
            [-5.2273254e+01, -5.2053497e+01, -5.1943634e+01, ...,
             -5.2932526e+01, -5.2822662e+01, -5.2602905e+01],
            ...,
            [-2.8796558e+02, -2.8818536e+02, -2.8862488e+02, ...,
             -2.8708655e+02, -2.8730634e+02, -2.8752606e+02],
            [-2.4467291e+02, -2.4489270e+02, -2.4511243e+02, ...,
             -2.4423340e+02, -2.4445319e+02, -2.4456305e+02],
            [-1.7599802e+02, -1.7599802e+02, -1.7599802e+02, ...,
             -1.7599802e+02, -1.7599802e+02, -1.7599802e+02]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • specific_humidity
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    3.916e-06 3.916e-06 ... 0.000376

    long_name :

    Specific humidity

    short_name :

    q

    standard_name :

    specific_humidity

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[3.9158444e-06, 3.9158444e-06, 3.9158444e-06, ...,
             3.9158444e-06, 3.9158444e-06, 3.9158444e-06],
            [3.9017932e-06, 3.9017632e-06, 3.9017632e-06, ...,
             3.9018237e-06, 3.9017932e-06, 3.9017932e-06],
            [3.8921594e-06, 3.8920689e-06, 3.8920389e-06, ...,
             3.8922954e-06, 3.8922653e-06, 3.8922349e-06],
            ...,
            [3.9630786e-06, 3.9631086e-06, 3.9631391e-06, ...,
             3.9629881e-06, 3.9630186e-06, 3.9630486e-06],
            [3.9641041e-06, 3.9641041e-06, 3.9641341e-06, ...,
             3.9640436e-06, 3.9640736e-06, 3.9640736e-06],
            [3.9642096e-06, 3.9642096e-06, 3.9642096e-06, ...,
             3.9642096e-06, 3.9642096e-06, 3.9642096e-06]],
    
           [[3.3879899e-06, 3.3879899e-06, 3.3879899e-06, ...,
             3.3879899e-06, 3.3879899e-06, 3.3879899e-06],
            [3.3993422e-06, 3.3993422e-06, 3.3993290e-06, ...,
             3.3993686e-06, 3.3993554e-06, 3.3993554e-06],
            [3.4077050e-06, 3.4076656e-06, 3.4076525e-06, ...,
             3.4077841e-06, 3.4077709e-06, 3.4077314e-06],
    ...
             4.0540192e-04, 4.0540192e-04, 4.0540192e-04],
            [3.9448310e-04, 3.9448310e-04, 3.9448310e-04, ...,
             3.9448310e-04, 3.9448310e-04, 3.9448310e-04],
            [3.7605688e-04, 3.7605688e-04, 3.7605688e-04, ...,
             3.7605688e-04, 3.7605688e-04, 3.7605688e-04]],
    
           [[3.2632984e-04, 3.2632984e-04, 3.2632984e-04, ...,
             3.2632984e-04, 3.2632984e-04, 3.2632984e-04],
            [3.4040865e-04, 3.4040865e-04, 3.4040865e-04, ...,
             3.4076069e-04, 3.4076069e-04, 3.4076069e-04],
            [3.5695173e-04, 3.5695173e-04, 3.5659969e-04, ...,
             3.5800692e-04, 3.5730377e-04, 3.5730377e-04],
            ...,
            [4.0517095e-04, 4.0517095e-04, 4.0517095e-04, ...,
             4.0517095e-04, 4.0517095e-04, 4.0517095e-04],
            [3.9461255e-04, 3.9461255e-04, 3.9461255e-04, ...,
             3.9461255e-04, 3.9461255e-04, 3.9461255e-04],
            [3.7595816e-04, 3.7595816e-04, 3.7595816e-04, ...,
             3.7595816e-04, 3.7595816e-04, 3.7595816e-04]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • temperature
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    265.0 265.0 265.0 ... 264.2 264.2

    long_name :

    Temperature

    short_name :

    t

    standard_name :

    air_temperature

    units :

    K

    array([[[264.9522 , 264.9522 , 264.9522 , ..., 264.9522 , 264.9522 ,
             264.9522 ],
            [264.82285, 264.8253 , 264.8265 , ..., 264.81552, 264.81674,
             264.81918],
            [264.43478, 264.43845, 264.4421 , ..., 264.42014, 264.42624,
             264.4299 ],
            ...,
            [289.3661 , 289.3685 , 289.36972, ..., 289.36365, 289.36365,
             289.3661 ],
            [289.32947, 289.32947, 289.32947, ..., 289.32947, 289.32947,
             289.32947],
            [289.22208, 289.22208, 289.22208, ..., 289.22208, 289.22208,
             289.22208]],
    
           [[242.698  , 242.698  , 242.698  , ..., 242.698  , 242.698  ,
             242.698  ],
            [243.03973, 243.04213, 243.04332, ..., 243.03377, 243.03615,
             243.03735],
            [243.32532, 243.3301 , 243.33487, ..., 243.31335, 243.31694,
             243.32053],
    ...
            [264.38147, 264.3829 , 264.3843 , ..., 264.37302, 264.37442,
             264.37866],
            [263.86456, 263.86737, 263.86737, ..., 263.86172, 263.86172,
             263.86313],
            [262.9564 , 262.9564 , 262.9564 , ..., 262.9564 , 262.9564 ,
             262.9564 ]],
    
           [[246.52473, 246.52473, 246.52473, ..., 246.52473, 246.52473,
             246.52473],
            [246.64168, 246.63734, 246.63446, ..., 246.65466, 246.6489 ,
             246.64601],
            [247.20181, 247.19028, 247.18016, ..., 247.23502, 247.22491,
             247.21336],
            ...,
            [265.6403 , 265.64175, 265.6432 , ..., 265.63165, 265.6331 ,
             265.63742],
            [265.14368, 265.1451 , 265.148  , ..., 265.13934, 265.14224,
             265.14224],
            [264.21973, 264.21973, 264.21973, ..., 264.21973, 264.21973,
             264.21973]]], shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • u_component_of_wind
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    0.0009155 0.0009155 ... 0.0001379

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    short_name :

    u

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    array([[[ 9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04, ...,
              9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04],
            [-7.2857712e+01, -7.2929581e+01, -7.3001465e+01, ...,
             -7.2642075e+01, -7.2719086e+01, -7.2790955e+01],
            [-7.1071030e+01, -7.1132629e+01, -7.1189102e+01, ...,
             -7.0891327e+01, -7.0952942e+01, -7.1014542e+01],
            ...,
            [-5.8366051e+00, -5.8366051e+00, -5.8263359e+00, ...,
             -5.8417358e+00, -5.8417358e+00, -5.8417358e+00],
            [-5.1742973e+00, -5.1640320e+00, -5.1640320e+00, ...,
             -5.1794319e+00, -5.1794319e+00, -5.1742973e+00],
            [ 9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04, ...,
              9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04,  9.1552734e-04]],
    
           [[-3.9215088e-03, -3.9215088e-03, -3.9215088e-03, ...,
             -3.9215088e-03, -3.9215088e-03, -3.9215088e-03],
            [-7.7653847e+01, -7.7849472e+01, -7.8036003e+01, ...,
             -7.7076073e+01, -7.7267143e+01, -7.7462776e+01],
            [-7.4996971e+01, -7.5174400e+01, -7.5347282e+01, ...,
             -7.4455589e+01, -7.4637566e+01, -7.4814995e+01],
    ...
             -3.5234237e+00, -3.5313148e+00, -3.5401921e+00],
            [-3.8844304e+00, -3.8903484e+00, -3.8972530e+00, ...,
             -3.8637166e+00, -3.8706212e+00, -3.8775258e+00],
            [-1.6009808e-04, -1.6009808e-04, -1.6009808e-04, ...,
             -1.6009808e-04, -1.6009808e-04, -1.6009808e-04]],
    
           [[ 1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04, ...,
              1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04],
            [-4.1117349e+00, -4.0995383e+00, -4.0865788e+00, ...,
             -4.1498504e+00, -4.1376534e+00, -4.1246943e+00],
            [-3.4828336e+00, -3.4713991e+00, -3.4607267e+00, ...,
             -3.5156128e+00, -3.5049405e+00, -3.4935060e+00],
            ...,
            [-3.5400064e+00, -3.5476296e+00, -3.5552526e+00, ...,
             -3.5156128e+00, -3.5239980e+00, -3.5316212e+00],
            [-3.8891423e+00, -3.8960030e+00, -3.9028637e+00, ...,
             -3.8685601e+00, -3.8754208e+00, -3.8822815e+00],
            [ 1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04, ...,
              1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04,  1.3794005e-04]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • v_component_of_wind
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    -0.001892 -0.001892 ... -0.0002121

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    short_name :

    v

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    array([[[-1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, ...,
             -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03],
            [-1.7823963e+01, -1.7493050e+01, -1.7176317e+01, ...,
             -1.8793068e+01, -1.8462154e+01, -1.8140696e+01],
            [-1.6434126e+01, -1.6112667e+01, -1.5791206e+01, ...,
             -1.7393776e+01, -1.7072315e+01, -1.6750856e+01],
            ...,
            [-1.1742725e+00, -1.1979091e+00, -1.2215459e+00, ...,
             -1.1128170e+00, -1.1364537e+00, -1.1600904e+00],
            [-1.2073638e+00, -1.2310007e+00, -1.2451825e+00, ...,
             -1.1411811e+00, -1.1648178e+00, -1.1884545e+00],
            [-1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, ...,
             -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03, -1.8922091e-03]],
    
           [[-1.3887882e-03, -1.3887882e-03, -1.3887882e-03, ...,
             -1.3887882e-03, -1.3887882e-03, -1.3887882e-03],
            [-4.5171146e+01, -4.4818371e+01, -4.4475128e+01, ...,
             -4.6196106e+01, -4.5852863e+01, -4.5514389e+01],
            [-4.3459702e+01, -4.3125996e+01, -4.2787518e+01, ...,
             -4.4470360e+01, -4.4131886e+01, -4.3798176e+01],
    ...
              1.3634832e+00,  1.3451056e+00,  1.3267281e+00],
            [ 1.3379588e+00,  1.3185604e+00,  1.2991619e+00, ...,
              1.3930914e+00,  1.3747139e+00,  1.3563364e+00],
            [-5.3852797e-04, -5.3852797e-04, -5.3852797e-04, ...,
             -5.3852797e-04, -5.3852797e-04, -5.3852797e-04]],
    
           [[-2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, ...,
             -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04],
            [ 2.9363036e+00,  2.9519420e+00,  2.9675803e+00, ...,
              2.8876514e+00,  2.9041586e+00,  2.9197969e+00],
            [ 2.8190169e+00,  2.8329177e+00,  2.8450809e+00, ...,
              2.7773147e+00,  2.7903466e+00,  2.8042474e+00],
            ...,
            [ 1.3029754e+00,  1.2847309e+00,  1.2664862e+00, ...,
              1.3585782e+00,  1.3403335e+00,  1.3220890e+00],
            [ 1.3394647e+00,  1.3194826e+00,  1.3012378e+00, ...,
              1.3950675e+00,  1.3768227e+00,  1.3577094e+00],
            [-2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, ...,
             -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04, -2.1207333e-04]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_ice_water_content
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    long_name :

    Specific cloud ice water content

    short_name :

    ciwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            ...,
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00]],
    
           [[0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
    ...
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00]],
    
           [[0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [6.4665946e-06, 6.4665946e-06, 6.4966152e-06, ...,
             6.3182633e-06, 6.3783045e-06, 6.4083215e-06],
            [4.8578950e-06, 4.9479531e-06, 4.9762057e-06, ...,
             4.7678332e-06, 4.8578950e-06, 4.8879119e-06],
            ...,
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00],
            [0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, ...,
             0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00, 0.0000000e+00]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_liquid_water_content
    (level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

    long_name :

    Specific cloud liquid water content

    short_name :

    clwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            ...,
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]],
    
           [[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            ...,
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]],
    
           [[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            ...,
    ...
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]],
    
           [[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            ...,
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]],
    
           [[0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            ...,
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.],
            [0., 0., 0., ..., 0., 0., 0.]]],
          shape=(37, 721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_cover
    (latitude, longitude)
    float32
    1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 ... nan nan nan nan

    long_name :

    Sea ice area fraction

    short_name :

    siconc

    standard_name :

    sea_ice_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    array([[ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           [ 1.,  1.,  1., ...,  1.,  1.,  1.],
           ...,
           [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan],
           [nan, nan, nan, ..., nan, nan, nan]],
          shape=(721, 1440), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_temperature
    (latitude, longitude)
    float32
    271.5 271.5 271.5 ... nan nan nan

    long_name :

    Sea surface temperature

    short_name :

    sst

    units :

    K

    array([[271.46036, 271.46036, 271.46036, ..., 271.46036, 271.46036,
            271.46036],
           [271.46036, 271.46036, 271.46036, ..., 271.46036, 271.46036,
            271.46036],
           [271.46036, 271.46036, 271.46036, ..., 271.46036, 271.46036,
            271.46036],
           ...,
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ...,       nan,       nan,
                  nan]], shape=(721, 1440), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (4)

  last_updated :

  2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00

  valid_time_start :

  1940-01-01

  valid_time_stop :

  2025-12-31

  valid_time_stop_era5t :

  2026-06-06

regridded = xarray_utils.regrid_horizontal(sliced_era5, regridder)
regridded

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 9MB
Dimensions:                              (level: 37, longitude: 128,
                                          latitude: 64)
Coordinates:
  * level                                (level) int64 296B 1 2 3 ... 975 1000
  * longitude                            (longitude) float64 1kB 0.0 ... 357.2
  * latitude                             (latitude) float64 512B -87.86 ... 8...
    time                                 datetime64[ns] 8B 2020-01-01
Data variables:
    geopotential                         (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_humidity                    (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    temperature                          (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    u_component_of_wind                  (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    v_component_of_wind                  (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_cloud_ice_water_content     (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_cloud_liquid_water_content  (level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    sea_ice_cover                        (longitude, latitude) float32 33kB n...
    sea_surface_temperature              (longitude, latitude) float32 33kB n...
Attributes:
    last_updated:           2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00
    valid_time_start:       1940-01-01
    valid_time_stop:        2025-12-31
    valid_time_stop_era5t:  2026-06-06

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • level: 37
  • longitude: 128
  • latitude: 64
• Coordinates: (4)
  • level
    (level)
    int64
    1 2 3 5 7 ... 900 925 950 975 1000

    long_name :

    level

    units :

    Hectopascal(hPa)

    array([   1,    2,    3,    5,    7,   10,   20,   30,   50,   70,  100,  125,
            150,  175,  200,  225,  250,  300,  350,  400,  450,  500,  550,  600,
            650,  700,  750,  775,  800,  825,  850,  875,  900,  925,  950,  975,
           1000])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    0.0 2.812 5.625 ... 354.4 357.2

    array([  0.    ,   2.8125,   5.625 ,   8.4375,  11.25  ,  14.0625,  16.875 ,
            19.6875,  22.5   ,  25.3125,  28.125 ,  30.9375,  33.75  ,  36.5625,
            39.375 ,  42.1875,  45.    ,  47.8125,  50.625 ,  53.4375,  56.25  ,
            59.0625,  61.875 ,  64.6875,  67.5   ,  70.3125,  73.125 ,  75.9375,
            78.75  ,  81.5625,  84.375 ,  87.1875,  90.    ,  92.8125,  95.625 ,
            98.4375, 101.25  , 104.0625, 106.875 , 109.6875, 112.5   , 115.3125,
           118.125 , 120.9375, 123.75  , 126.5625, 129.375 , 132.1875, 135.    ,
           137.8125, 140.625 , 143.4375, 146.25  , 149.0625, 151.875 , 154.6875,
           157.5   , 160.3125, 163.125 , 165.9375, 168.75  , 171.5625, 174.375 ,
           177.1875, 180.    , 182.8125, 185.625 , 188.4375, 191.25  , 194.0625,
           196.875 , 199.6875, 202.5   , 205.3125, 208.125 , 210.9375, 213.75  ,
           216.5625, 219.375 , 222.1875, 225.    , 227.8125, 230.625 , 233.4375,
           236.25  , 239.0625, 241.875 , 244.6875, 247.5   , 250.3125, 253.125 ,
           255.9375, 258.75  , 261.5625, 264.375 , 267.1875, 270.    , 272.8125,
           275.625 , 278.4375, 281.25  , 284.0625, 286.875 , 289.6875, 292.5   ,
           295.3125, 298.125 , 300.9375, 303.75  , 306.5625, 309.375 , 312.1875,
           315.    , 317.8125, 320.625 , 323.4375, 326.25  , 329.0625, 331.875 ,
           334.6875, 337.5   , 340.3125, 343.125 , 345.9375, 348.75  , 351.5625,
           354.375 , 357.1875])

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -87.86 -85.1 -82.31 ... 85.1 87.86

    array([-87.863799, -85.096527, -82.312913, -79.525607, -76.7369  , -73.947515,
           -71.157752, -68.367756, -65.577607, -62.787352, -59.99702 , -57.206632,
           -54.4162  , -51.625734, -48.835241, -46.044727, -43.254195, -40.463648,
           -37.67309 , -34.882521, -32.091944, -29.30136 , -26.510769, -23.720174,
           -20.929574, -18.138971, -15.348365, -12.557756,  -9.767146,  -6.976534,
            -4.185921,  -1.395307,   1.395307,   4.185921,   6.976534,   9.767146,
            12.557756,  15.348365,  18.138971,  20.929574,  23.720174,  26.510769,
            29.30136 ,  32.091944,  34.882521,  37.67309 ,  40.463648,  43.254195,
            46.044727,  48.835241,  51.625734,  54.4162  ,  57.206632,  59.99702 ,
            62.787352,  65.577607,  68.367756,  71.157752,  73.947515,  76.7369  ,
            79.525607,  82.312913,  85.096527,  87.863799])

  • time
    ()
    datetime64[ns]
    2020-01-01

    array('2020-01-01T00:00:00.000000000', dtype='datetime64[ns]')

• Data variables: (9)
  • geopotential
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    4.931e+05 4.928e+05 ... -72.61

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    array([[[ 4.9305122e+05,  4.9281672e+05,  4.9248794e+05, ...,
              4.2202688e+05,  4.2354856e+05,  4.2598719e+05],
            [ 4.9304969e+05,  4.9281319e+05,  4.9246272e+05, ...,
              4.2201375e+05,  4.2356700e+05,  4.2597247e+05],
            [ 4.9304891e+05,  4.9280962e+05,  4.9243991e+05, ...,
              4.2200150e+05,  4.2359150e+05,  4.2596381e+05],
            ...,
            [ 4.9306044e+05,  4.9282594e+05,  4.9253738e+05, ...,
              4.2201688e+05,  4.2354162e+05,  4.2607191e+05],
            [ 4.9305638e+05,  4.9282272e+05,  4.9252575e+05, ...,
              4.2203116e+05,  4.2353306e+05,  4.2603662e+05],
            [ 4.9305338e+05,  4.9281962e+05,  4.9251003e+05, ...,
              4.2203419e+05,  4.2353719e+05,  4.2600844e+05]],
    
           [[ 4.3545066e+05,  4.3527400e+05,  4.3502756e+05, ...,
              3.7041806e+05,  3.7218566e+05,  3.7458800e+05],
            [ 4.3544578e+05,  4.3526409e+05,  4.3500556e+05, ...,
              3.7032138e+05,  3.7210109e+05,  3.7453675e+05],
            [ 4.3544122e+05,  4.3525722e+05,  4.3499119e+05, ...,
              3.7023656e+05,  3.7202647e+05,  3.7449266e+05],
    ...
              1.5556472e+03,  1.7373971e+03,  1.7505217e+03],
            [ 1.5358275e+03,  1.4250343e+03,  1.5151041e+03, ...,
              1.5018232e+03,  1.7054238e+03,  1.7437126e+03],
            [ 1.5219178e+03,  1.3993448e+03,  1.4990712e+03, ...,
              1.4773099e+03,  1.6830853e+03,  1.7363398e+03]],
    
           [[-4.5016650e+02, -5.8576758e+02, -4.4697229e+02, ...,
             -3.8915100e+02, -1.6458029e+02, -7.9425980e+01],
            [-4.6841144e+02, -6.0912646e+02, -4.1735757e+02, ...,
             -3.7578040e+02, -1.7473497e+02, -8.4773262e+01],
            [-4.8782236e+02, -6.2837610e+02, -3.9926187e+02, ...,
             -3.6105859e+02, -1.8367313e+02, -8.9416718e+01],
            ...,
            [-4.0496228e+02, -5.0315842e+02, -4.1238922e+02, ...,
             -2.8317902e+02, -8.3439354e+01, -5.6128426e+01],
            [-4.1924991e+02, -5.3351099e+02, -4.4370312e+02, ...,
             -3.5293173e+02, -1.2125460e+02, -6.4145584e+01],
            [-4.3411804e+02, -5.6144153e+02, -4.6169635e+02, ...,
             -3.8372900e+02, -1.4654565e+02, -7.2613205e+01]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_humidity
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    3.952e-06 3.941e-06 ... 0.0004169

    long_name :

    Specific humidity

    short_name :

    q

    standard_name :

    specific_humidity

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[3.9519564e-06, 3.9407701e-06, 3.9319380e-06, ...,
             3.6398685e-06, 3.7301315e-06, 3.7999675e-06],
            [3.9527104e-06, 3.9412780e-06, 3.9326228e-06, ...,
             3.6628430e-06, 3.6964693e-06, 3.7878349e-06],
            [3.9536312e-06, 3.9418123e-06, 3.9334859e-06, ...,
             3.6922229e-06, 3.6669521e-06, 3.7749999e-06],
            ...,
            [3.9503711e-06, 3.9400879e-06, 3.9321071e-06, ...,
             3.6534695e-06, 3.8553580e-06, 3.8314324e-06],
            [3.9508254e-06, 3.9401339e-06, 3.9315560e-06, ...,
             3.6165627e-06, 3.8099995e-06, 3.8219318e-06],
            [3.9513766e-06, 3.9403703e-06, 3.9315278e-06, ...,
             3.6190486e-06, 3.7682726e-06, 3.8113026e-06]],
    
           [[3.7639279e-06, 3.7558107e-06, 3.7438963e-06, ...,
             3.4663728e-06, 3.5292542e-06, 3.4962168e-06],
            [3.7632681e-06, 3.7558070e-06, 3.7431528e-06, ...,
             3.4624261e-06, 3.5278515e-06, 3.4975185e-06],
            [3.7625935e-06, 3.7557986e-06, 3.7421837e-06, ...,
             3.4604022e-06, 3.5268783e-06, 3.4983123e-06],
    ...
             6.1180996e-04, 4.6718764e-04, 3.9794843e-04],
            [4.5445282e-04, 7.4379571e-04, 1.0839116e-03, ...,
             7.6615612e-04, 5.2067131e-04, 4.0627224e-04],
            [4.5124517e-04, 7.7335408e-04, 1.0722927e-03, ...,
             8.2662306e-04, 5.4431043e-04, 4.1253457e-04]],
    
           [[4.4952153e-04, 8.0081570e-04, 1.0228809e-03, ...,
             8.6930604e-04, 5.7046744e-04, 4.1675882e-04],
            [4.5029988e-04, 8.2115910e-04, 9.6349226e-04, ...,
             8.2767342e-04, 5.3951028e-04, 4.2067139e-04],
            [4.5333002e-04, 8.3688746e-04, 9.0196205e-04, ...,
             7.8868627e-04, 4.9214292e-04, 4.1517749e-04],
            ...,
            [4.5858035e-04, 7.1049476e-04, 1.0684527e-03, ...,
             6.5202353e-04, 5.0345965e-04, 4.1833599e-04],
            [4.5446857e-04, 7.4378832e-04, 1.0839496e-03, ...,
             8.0619199e-04, 5.5137888e-04, 4.1774072e-04],
            [4.5125626e-04, 7.7340833e-04, 1.0722796e-03, ...,
             8.5810293e-04, 5.7512079e-04, 4.1687707e-04]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • temperature
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    288.4 288.0 287.3 ... 252.1 249.3

    long_name :

    Temperature

    short_name :

    t

    standard_name :

    air_temperature

    units :

    K

    array([[[288.36243, 288.0475 , 287.302  , ..., 270.74457, 268.53735,
             264.66663],
            [288.4671 , 288.03537, 287.44412, ..., 270.60114, 268.949  ,
             264.8736 ],
            [288.58313, 288.0144 , 287.66556, ..., 270.44177, 269.3163 ,
             265.0616 ],
            ...,
            [288.12637, 288.128  , 287.7759 , ..., 270.60593, 266.98956,
             263.97577],
            [288.19186, 288.08286, 287.4626 , ..., 270.78427, 267.5606 ,
             264.21396],
            [288.27045, 288.05923, 287.29593, ..., 270.81836, 268.07635,
             264.4452 ]],
    
           [[287.55276, 286.25793, 285.99133, ..., 240.59488, 243.14934,
             243.74182],
            [287.4767 , 286.37692, 285.86447, ..., 241.03622, 243.59566,
             243.93561],
            [287.39883, 286.49744, 285.71664, ..., 241.5214 , 244.05225,
             244.13057],
    ...
            [265.63287, 267.02914, 268.29373, ..., 252.00372, 249.52457,
             248.09361],
            [265.76016, 267.42957, 268.75882, ..., 254.38547, 250.36768,
             248.31917],
            [265.9069 , 267.80713, 269.0691 , ..., 255.6139 , 250.82332,
             248.55562]],
    
           [[267.35068, 269.4659 , 270.26764, ..., 257.58582, 251.97823,
             249.4035 ],
            [267.53607, 269.8219 , 269.89084, ..., 257.61285, 251.42548,
             249.46974],
            [267.73398, 270.13663, 269.5367 , ..., 257.19717, 250.7079 ,
             249.41763],
            ...,
            [266.91724, 268.32144, 269.59036, ..., 253.3115 , 250.89352,
             248.95961],
            [267.04382, 268.7188 , 270.05716, ..., 255.62645, 251.6979 ,
             249.10806],
            [267.1875 , 269.101  , 270.3673 , ..., 256.68204, 252.08286,
             249.27045]]], shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • u_component_of_wind
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    -10.71 -14.92 ... -0.5274 2.565

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    short_name :

    u

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    array([[[-1.07077904e+01, -1.49225178e+01, -1.58517208e+01, ...,
             -3.12643967e+01, -3.84384918e+01, -5.75683212e+01],
            [-1.07315702e+01, -1.51179438e+01, -1.54758263e+01, ...,
             -3.32729263e+01, -3.80188217e+01, -5.75119820e+01],
            [-1.07347574e+01, -1.53051186e+01, -1.52670488e+01, ...,
             -3.52321968e+01, -3.76752548e+01, -5.73569298e+01],
            ...,
            [-1.04785395e+01, -1.43590927e+01, -1.68928986e+01, ...,
             -2.69036503e+01, -4.01099472e+01, -5.70525513e+01],
            [-1.05840359e+01, -1.45580292e+01, -1.67221832e+01, ...,
             -2.78724041e+01, -3.95043373e+01, -5.73493576e+01],
            [-1.06596165e+01, -1.47381115e+01, -1.63187618e+01, ...,
             -2.93885098e+01, -3.89363747e+01, -5.75171967e+01]],
    
           [[-4.49280167e+00, -1.69908381e+00, -7.23468351e+00, ...,
             -3.04546051e+01, -4.38029022e+01, -5.77512817e+01],
            [-4.73201275e+00, -1.83018517e+00, -7.12605906e+00, ...,
             -3.01789246e+01, -4.39633904e+01, -5.88081207e+01],
            [-4.96866751e+00, -2.02444983e+00, -6.95506907e+00, ...,
             -2.99233608e+01, -4.40043755e+01, -5.97148132e+01],
    ...
              1.18202078e+00,  2.74045765e-01,  4.98265839e+00],
            [-2.77740860e+00, -4.48989153e-01,  6.73911393e-01, ...,
             -1.84859002e+00, -4.13927287e-01,  4.43532515e+00],
            [-2.76203084e+00, -1.67920828e-01,  9.26687241e-01, ...,
             -4.42918444e+00, -7.73556411e-01,  3.87106967e+00]],
    
           [[-2.79848099e+00,  2.50648186e-02,  1.06202674e+00, ...,
             -4.23742437e+00, -6.71195269e-01,  2.01345778e+00],
            [-2.86310410e+00,  1.42887428e-01,  1.28367054e+00, ...,
             -4.21474171e+00, -5.35182476e-01,  1.36141050e+00],
            [-2.90912914e+00,  3.01484406e-01,  1.62408495e+00, ...,
             -3.58707237e+00, -2.92502642e-01,  7.14399993e-01],
            ...,
            [-2.83278251e+00, -6.94305837e-01,  3.54615152e-01, ...,
              1.53967273e+00,  5.59489191e-01,  3.23358107e+00],
            [-2.77094173e+00, -4.48346078e-01,  6.73928082e-01, ...,
             -1.16705990e+00, -8.57930928e-02,  2.96003771e+00],
            [-2.75927448e+00, -1.68895245e-01,  9.26615596e-01, ...,
             -3.08777261e+00, -5.27416706e-01,  2.56496859e+00]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • v_component_of_wind
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.5623 3.129 ... -5.072 -1.874

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    short_name :

    v

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    array([[[ 5.62346578e-01,  3.12903881e+00,  3.28905892e+00, ...,
             -1.14624810e+00,  6.67946994e-01, -1.00736971e+01],
            [ 1.19582586e-01,  2.56982613e+00,  3.17612243e+00, ...,
             -1.21683395e+00,  2.52339005e+00, -7.03560305e+00],
            [-3.05454671e-01,  1.94999397e+00,  3.10555816e+00, ...,
             -7.73423314e-01,  4.22844315e+00, -4.06955719e+00],
            ...,
            [ 1.91371000e+00,  4.56196594e+00,  3.97494864e+00, ...,
              1.36892855e-01, -6.53457451e+00, -1.95740223e+01],
            [ 1.46666646e+00,  4.10787201e+00,  3.66360426e+00, ...,
             -1.01277255e-01, -3.76986599e+00, -1.63492165e+01],
            [ 1.01403737e+00,  3.63483596e+00,  3.44336557e+00, ...,
             -6.88140154e-01, -1.39982569e+00, -1.31809959e+01]],
    
           [[ 4.49206257e+00,  4.86117506e+00,  5.52720976e+00, ...,
             -1.46003265e+01, -1.97441158e+01, -3.34142380e+01],
            [ 4.39446354e+00,  5.00816727e+00,  5.15488911e+00, ...,
             -1.19860172e+01, -1.65069599e+01, -3.00362949e+01],
            [ 4.28684092e+00,  5.12492085e+00,  5.05068398e+00, ...,
             -9.46128941e+00, -1.33719254e+01, -2.66608810e+01],
    ...
             -9.82058907e+00, -8.87758923e+00, -3.20829487e+00],
            [ 9.25086141e-01, -3.96286994e-01, -4.26981002e-02, ...,
             -5.67000246e+00, -7.74450207e+00, -3.47842884e+00],
            [ 7.77499974e-01, -7.25841582e-01, -1.01253760e+00, ...,
             -1.84977019e+00, -6.39354372e+00, -3.61866760e+00]],
    
           [[ 6.18968248e-01, -9.95379448e-01, -2.26794434e+00, ...,
             -3.46667498e-01, -4.09912729e+00, -1.85580444e+00],
            [ 4.72250074e-01, -1.17679286e+00, -2.96933579e+00, ...,
              3.48391570e-02, -3.31566334e+00, -1.74537098e+00],
            [ 3.41865391e-01, -1.31064546e+00, -3.17962599e+00, ...,
             -1.42753318e-01, -2.86802077e+00, -1.58552182e+00],
            ...,
            [ 1.06104779e+00, -1.27451912e-01,  1.88979894e-01, ...,
             -7.99345446e+00, -6.91052008e+00, -1.57416999e+00],
            [ 9.27164733e-01, -3.95791352e-01, -4.36872989e-02, ...,
             -4.94768620e+00, -6.07580805e+00, -1.77718961e+00],
            [ 7.77246475e-01, -7.26565242e-01, -1.01224864e+00, ...,
             -2.35039043e+00, -5.07207775e+00, -1.87435055e+00]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_ice_water_content
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.692e-06 2.651e-07

    long_name :

    Specific cloud ice water content

    short_name :

    ciwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            ...,
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]],
    
           [[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
    ...
             1.96963992e-05, 9.50717458e-06, 1.62941078e-07],
            [0.00000000e+00, 2.28403565e-06, 3.91906997e-06, ...,
             1.78835253e-05, 1.01664900e-05, 1.82848666e-07],
            [2.05420259e-09, 2.82154224e-06, 3.93821483e-06, ...,
             1.34554366e-05, 1.44446476e-05, 2.40656817e-07]],
    
           [[1.30278828e-08, 3.12924612e-06, 5.27200700e-06, ...,
             4.92852996e-06, 4.78328366e-06, 3.12262387e-07],
            [1.45330539e-08, 2.95026780e-06, 6.60648175e-06, ...,
             3.98932207e-06, 5.29267254e-06, 5.87753277e-07],
            [8.23373298e-08, 3.03301476e-06, 6.10566258e-06, ...,
             4.31792660e-06, 6.08941355e-06, 1.53826841e-06],
            ...,
            [0.00000000e+00, 1.64557161e-06, 5.64723905e-06, ...,
             5.80161941e-06, 5.36721814e-07, 1.95277053e-07],
            [0.00000000e+00, 2.28411000e-06, 3.91926324e-06, ...,
             5.10019754e-06, 9.57592988e-07, 2.31230700e-07],
            [2.06959294e-09, 2.82154065e-06, 3.93823666e-06, ...,
             5.63942558e-06, 2.69214661e-06, 2.65054496e-07]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_liquid_water_content
    (level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 1.323e-06 0.0 0.0

    long_name :

    Specific cloud liquid water content

    short_name :

    clwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    array([[[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            ...,
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]],
    
           [[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
             0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
    ...
             3.81511640e-08, 2.53736907e-08, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 8.67633446e-07, 1.40318116e-06, ...,
             1.53335679e-06, 2.57092996e-08, 1.29325901e-08],
            [0.00000000e+00, 5.37217375e-07, 3.59365487e-07, ...,
             9.74199793e-06, 2.50846224e-08, 6.79407250e-08]],
    
           [[0.00000000e+00, 1.77390866e-08, 1.51293289e-09, ...,
             1.18857679e-05, 8.73099850e-08, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 5.70468650e-08, ...,
             2.30553997e-05, 9.01155147e-07, 1.86256273e-08],
            [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 1.48094550e-08, ...,
             2.79331052e-05, 3.03883553e-06, 2.75438833e-06],
            ...,
            [0.00000000e+00, 4.92782817e-07, 1.53490248e-06, ...,
             9.36440525e-09, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 8.76975093e-07, 1.40761813e-06, ...,
             1.09223905e-07, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
            [0.00000000e+00, 5.33313539e-07, 3.64432140e-07, ...,
             1.32272862e-06, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]]],
          shape=(37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • sea_ice_cover
    (longitude, latitude)
    float32
    nan nan nan ... 0.9296 0.9612 0.999

    long_name :

    Sea ice area fraction

    short_name :

    siconc

    standard_name :

    sea_ice_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    array([[       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.9321593 , 0.96287894,
            0.99987435],
           [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.9286208 , 0.96286964,
            1.        ],
           [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.9254845 , 0.9663004 ,
            1.        ],
           ...,
           [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.9157633 , 0.94773835,
            0.9932736 ],
           [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.927532  , 0.9557018 ,
            0.9970899 ],
           [       nan,        nan,        nan, ..., 0.92960393, 0.9612493 ,
            0.9990288 ]], shape=(128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • sea_surface_temperature
    (longitude, latitude)
    float32
    nan nan nan ... 271.5 271.5 271.5

    long_name :

    Sea surface temperature

    short_name :

    sst

    units :

    K

    array([[      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46033, 271.46033,
            271.46033],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46033, 271.46033,
            271.46033],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46036, 271.46036,
            271.46036],
           ...,
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46033, 271.46033,
            271.46033],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46036, 271.46036,
            271.46036],
           [      nan,       nan,       nan, ..., 271.46033, 271.46033,
            271.46033]], shape=(128, 64), dtype=float32)

• Attributes: (4)

  last_updated :

  2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00

  valid_time_start :

  1940-01-01

  valid_time_stop :

  2025-12-31

  valid_time_stop_era5t :

  2026-06-06

Looking at the data, we see that sea surface temperature is now on a much coarser grid (roughly 2.8°).

sliced_era5.sea_surface_temperature.plot(x='longitude', y='latitude', aspect=2, size=2.5);
regridded.sea_surface_temperature.plot(x='longitude', y='latitude', aspect=2, size=2.5);

However, we still have missing values (NaN) in the locations shown in white over land. We’ll fill those with values from the nearest non-missing locations:

regridded_and_filled = xarray_utils.fill_nan_with_nearest(regridded)
regridded_and_filled.sea_surface_temperature.plot(x='longitude', y='latitude', aspect=2, size=2.5);

Now we have a dataset ready for feeding into NeuralGCM!

Converting to/from Xarray

NeuralGCM’s learned methods transform data in the form of dictionaries of torch tensors:

• Expected dict keys for inputs and forcings are indicated by model.input_variables and model.forcing_variables.

• Dictionary values are tensors with shape (time, level, longitude, latitude) for pressure-level variables and (time, longitude, latitude) for surface forcings. A leading time axis is always present (length one for a single snapshot).

inputs_from_xarray and forcings_from_xarray convert xarray.Dataset objects with the appropriate variables into dictionary-of-tensors format (an optional device= argument overrides the model’s device, e.g. for data loading on CPU):

inputs = model.inputs_from_xarray(regridded_and_filled)
forcings = model.forcings_from_xarray(regridded_and_filled)

{k: tuple(v.shape) for k, v in inputs.items()}

{'geopotential': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'specific_humidity': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'temperature': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'u_component_of_wind': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'v_component_of_wind': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'specific_cloud_ice_water_content': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'specific_cloud_liquid_water_content': (1, 37, 128, 64),
 'sim_time': (1,)}

{k: tuple(v.shape) for k, v in forcings.items()}

{'sea_ice_cover': (1, 128, 64),
 'sea_surface_temperature': (1, 128, 64),
 'sim_time': (1,)}

Notice that sim_time was calculated automatically. It can also be calculated explicitly from numpy.datetime64 arrays using datetime64_to_sim_time:

inputs['sim_time']

tensor([188693.6250], device='cuda:0')

model.datetime64_to_sim_time(np.atleast_1d(regridded_and_filled.time.data))

array([188693.6256])

Outputs from NeuralGCM can be converted back into an xarray.Dataset with appropriate coordinates via data_to_xarray. Pass times=None if the arrays have no leading time-axis (e.g. the outputs of decode), or supply a 1D array of time values matching the leading axis:

model.data_to_xarray(
    model.inputs_from_xarray(regridded_and_filled),
    times=np.atleast_1d(regridded_and_filled.time.data),
)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 8MB
Dimensions:                              (time: 1, level: 37, longitude: 128,
                                          latitude: 64)
Coordinates:
  * time                                 (time) datetime64[ns] 8B 2020-01-01
  * level                                (level) float64 296B 1.0 2.0 ... 1e+03
  * longitude                            (longitude) float64 1kB 0.0 ... 357.2
  * latitude                             (latitude) float64 512B -87.86 ... 8...
Data variables:
    geopotential                         (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_humidity                    (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    temperature                          (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    u_component_of_wind                  (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    v_component_of_wind                  (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_cloud_ice_water_content     (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...
    specific_cloud_liquid_water_content  (time, level, longitude, latitude) float32 1MB ...

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • time: 1
  • level: 37
  • longitude: 128
  • latitude: 64
• Coordinates: (4)
  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    2020-01-01

    array(['2020-01-01T00:00:00.000000000'], dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • level
    (level)
    float64
    1.0 2.0 3.0 ... 950.0 975.0 1e+03

    array([   1.,    2.,    3.,    5.,    7.,   10.,   20.,   30.,   50.,   70.,
            100.,  125.,  150.,  175.,  200.,  225.,  250.,  300.,  350.,  400.,
            450.,  500.,  550.,  600.,  650.,  700.,  750.,  775.,  800.,  825.,
            850.,  875.,  900.,  925.,  950.,  975., 1000.])

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float64
    0.0 2.812 5.625 ... 354.4 357.2

    array([  0.    ,   2.8125,   5.625 ,   8.4375,  11.25  ,  14.0625,  16.875 ,
            19.6875,  22.5   ,  25.3125,  28.125 ,  30.9375,  33.75  ,  36.5625,
            39.375 ,  42.1875,  45.    ,  47.8125,  50.625 ,  53.4375,  56.25  ,
            59.0625,  61.875 ,  64.6875,  67.5   ,  70.3125,  73.125 ,  75.9375,
            78.75  ,  81.5625,  84.375 ,  87.1875,  90.    ,  92.8125,  95.625 ,
            98.4375, 101.25  , 104.0625, 106.875 , 109.6875, 112.5   , 115.3125,
           118.125 , 120.9375, 123.75  , 126.5625, 129.375 , 132.1875, 135.    ,
           137.8125, 140.625 , 143.4375, 146.25  , 149.0625, 151.875 , 154.6875,
           157.5   , 160.3125, 163.125 , 165.9375, 168.75  , 171.5625, 174.375 ,
           177.1875, 180.    , 182.8125, 185.625 , 188.4375, 191.25  , 194.0625,
           196.875 , 199.6875, 202.5   , 205.3125, 208.125 , 210.9375, 213.75  ,
           216.5625, 219.375 , 222.1875, 225.    , 227.8125, 230.625 , 233.4375,
           236.25  , 239.0625, 241.875 , 244.6875, 247.5   , 250.3125, 253.125 ,
           255.9375, 258.75  , 261.5625, 264.375 , 267.1875, 270.    , 272.8125,
           275.625 , 278.4375, 281.25  , 284.0625, 286.875 , 289.6875, 292.5   ,
           295.3125, 298.125 , 300.9375, 303.75  , 306.5625, 309.375 , 312.1875,
           315.    , 317.8125, 320.625 , 323.4375, 326.25  , 329.0625, 331.875 ,
           334.6875, 337.5   , 340.3125, 343.125 , 345.9375, 348.75  , 351.5625,
           354.375 , 357.1875])

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float64
    -87.86 -85.1 -82.31 ... 85.1 87.86

    array([-87.863799, -85.096527, -82.312913, -79.525607, -76.7369  , -73.947515,
           -71.157752, -68.367756, -65.577607, -62.787352, -59.99702 , -57.206632,
           -54.4162  , -51.625734, -48.835241, -46.044727, -43.254195, -40.463648,
           -37.67309 , -34.882521, -32.091944, -29.30136 , -26.510769, -23.720174,
           -20.929574, -18.138971, -15.348365, -12.557756,  -9.767146,  -6.976534,
            -4.185921,  -1.395307,   1.395307,   4.185921,   6.976534,   9.767146,
            12.557756,  15.348365,  18.138971,  20.929574,  23.720174,  26.510769,
            29.30136 ,  32.091944,  34.882521,  37.67309 ,  40.463648,  43.254195,
            46.044727,  48.835241,  51.625734,  54.4162  ,  57.206632,  59.99702 ,
            62.787352,  65.577607,  68.367756,  71.157752,  73.947515,  76.7369  ,
            79.525607,  82.312913,  85.096527,  87.863799])

• Data variables: (7)
  • geopotential
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    4.931e+05 4.928e+05 ... -72.61

    array([[[[ 4.9305122e+05,  4.9281672e+05,  4.9248794e+05, ...,
               4.2202688e+05,  4.2354856e+05,  4.2598719e+05],
             [ 4.9304969e+05,  4.9281319e+05,  4.9246272e+05, ...,
               4.2201375e+05,  4.2356700e+05,  4.2597247e+05],
             [ 4.9304891e+05,  4.9280962e+05,  4.9243991e+05, ...,
               4.2200150e+05,  4.2359150e+05,  4.2596381e+05],
             ...,
             [ 4.9306044e+05,  4.9282594e+05,  4.9253738e+05, ...,
               4.2201688e+05,  4.2354162e+05,  4.2607191e+05],
             [ 4.9305638e+05,  4.9282272e+05,  4.9252575e+05, ...,
               4.2203116e+05,  4.2353306e+05,  4.2603662e+05],
             [ 4.9305338e+05,  4.9281962e+05,  4.9251003e+05, ...,
               4.2203419e+05,  4.2353719e+05,  4.2600844e+05]],
    
            [[ 4.3545066e+05,  4.3527400e+05,  4.3502756e+05, ...,
               3.7041806e+05,  3.7218566e+05,  3.7458800e+05],
             [ 4.3544578e+05,  4.3526409e+05,  4.3500556e+05, ...,
               3.7032138e+05,  3.7210109e+05,  3.7453675e+05],
             [ 4.3544122e+05,  4.3525722e+05,  4.3499119e+05, ...,
               3.7023656e+05,  3.7202647e+05,  3.7449266e+05],
    ...
               1.5556472e+03,  1.7373971e+03,  1.7505217e+03],
             [ 1.5358275e+03,  1.4250343e+03,  1.5151041e+03, ...,
               1.5018232e+03,  1.7054238e+03,  1.7437126e+03],
             [ 1.5219178e+03,  1.3993448e+03,  1.4990712e+03, ...,
               1.4773099e+03,  1.6830853e+03,  1.7363398e+03]],
    
            [[-4.5016650e+02, -5.8576758e+02, -4.4697229e+02, ...,
              -3.8915100e+02, -1.6458029e+02, -7.9425980e+01],
             [-4.6841144e+02, -6.0912646e+02, -4.1735757e+02, ...,
              -3.7578040e+02, -1.7473497e+02, -8.4773262e+01],
             [-4.8782236e+02, -6.2837610e+02, -3.9926187e+02, ...,
              -3.6105859e+02, -1.8367313e+02, -8.9416718e+01],
             ...,
             [-4.0496228e+02, -5.0315842e+02, -4.1238922e+02, ...,
              -2.8317902e+02, -8.3439354e+01, -5.6128426e+01],
             [-4.1924991e+02, -5.3351099e+02, -4.4370312e+02, ...,
              -3.5293173e+02, -1.2125460e+02, -6.4145584e+01],
             [-4.3411804e+02, -5.6144153e+02, -4.6169635e+02, ...,
              -3.8372900e+02, -1.4654565e+02, -7.2613205e+01]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_humidity
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    3.952e-06 3.941e-06 ... 0.0004169

    array([[[[3.9519564e-06, 3.9407701e-06, 3.9319380e-06, ...,
              3.6398685e-06, 3.7301315e-06, 3.7999675e-06],
             [3.9527104e-06, 3.9412780e-06, 3.9326228e-06, ...,
              3.6628430e-06, 3.6964693e-06, 3.7878349e-06],
             [3.9536312e-06, 3.9418123e-06, 3.9334859e-06, ...,
              3.6922229e-06, 3.6669521e-06, 3.7749999e-06],
             ...,
             [3.9503711e-06, 3.9400879e-06, 3.9321071e-06, ...,
              3.6534695e-06, 3.8553580e-06, 3.8314324e-06],
             [3.9508254e-06, 3.9401339e-06, 3.9315560e-06, ...,
              3.6165627e-06, 3.8099995e-06, 3.8219318e-06],
             [3.9513766e-06, 3.9403703e-06, 3.9315278e-06, ...,
              3.6190486e-06, 3.7682726e-06, 3.8113026e-06]],
    
            [[3.7639279e-06, 3.7558107e-06, 3.7438963e-06, ...,
              3.4663728e-06, 3.5292542e-06, 3.4962168e-06],
             [3.7632681e-06, 3.7558070e-06, 3.7431528e-06, ...,
              3.4624261e-06, 3.5278515e-06, 3.4975185e-06],
             [3.7625935e-06, 3.7557986e-06, 3.7421837e-06, ...,
              3.4604022e-06, 3.5268783e-06, 3.4983123e-06],
    ...
              6.1180996e-04, 4.6718764e-04, 3.9794843e-04],
             [4.5445282e-04, 7.4379571e-04, 1.0839116e-03, ...,
              7.6615612e-04, 5.2067131e-04, 4.0627224e-04],
             [4.5124517e-04, 7.7335408e-04, 1.0722927e-03, ...,
              8.2662306e-04, 5.4431043e-04, 4.1253457e-04]],
    
            [[4.4952153e-04, 8.0081570e-04, 1.0228809e-03, ...,
              8.6930604e-04, 5.7046744e-04, 4.1675882e-04],
             [4.5029988e-04, 8.2115910e-04, 9.6349226e-04, ...,
              8.2767342e-04, 5.3951028e-04, 4.2067139e-04],
             [4.5333002e-04, 8.3688746e-04, 9.0196205e-04, ...,
              7.8868627e-04, 4.9214292e-04, 4.1517749e-04],
             ...,
             [4.5858035e-04, 7.1049476e-04, 1.0684527e-03, ...,
              6.5202353e-04, 5.0345965e-04, 4.1833599e-04],
             [4.5446857e-04, 7.4378832e-04, 1.0839496e-03, ...,
              8.0619199e-04, 5.5137888e-04, 4.1774072e-04],
             [4.5125626e-04, 7.7340833e-04, 1.0722796e-03, ...,
              8.5810293e-04, 5.7512079e-04, 4.1687707e-04]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • temperature
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    288.4 288.0 287.3 ... 252.1 249.3

    array([[[[288.36243, 288.0475 , 287.302  , ..., 270.74457, 268.53735,
              264.66663],
             [288.4671 , 288.03537, 287.44412, ..., 270.60114, 268.949  ,
              264.8736 ],
             [288.58313, 288.0144 , 287.66556, ..., 270.44177, 269.3163 ,
              265.0616 ],
             ...,
             [288.12637, 288.128  , 287.7759 , ..., 270.60593, 266.98956,
              263.97577],
             [288.19186, 288.08286, 287.4626 , ..., 270.78427, 267.5606 ,
              264.21396],
             [288.27045, 288.05923, 287.29593, ..., 270.81836, 268.07635,
              264.4452 ]],
    
            [[287.55276, 286.25793, 285.99133, ..., 240.59488, 243.14934,
              243.74182],
             [287.4767 , 286.37692, 285.86447, ..., 241.03622, 243.59566,
              243.93561],
             [287.39883, 286.49744, 285.71664, ..., 241.5214 , 244.05225,
              244.13057],
    ...
             [265.63287, 267.02914, 268.29373, ..., 252.00372, 249.52457,
              248.09361],
             [265.76016, 267.42957, 268.75882, ..., 254.38547, 250.36768,
              248.31917],
             [265.9069 , 267.80713, 269.0691 , ..., 255.6139 , 250.82332,
              248.55562]],
    
            [[267.35068, 269.4659 , 270.26764, ..., 257.58582, 251.97823,
              249.4035 ],
             [267.53607, 269.8219 , 269.89084, ..., 257.61285, 251.42548,
              249.46974],
             [267.73398, 270.13663, 269.5367 , ..., 257.19717, 250.7079 ,
              249.41763],
             ...,
             [266.91724, 268.32144, 269.59036, ..., 253.3115 , 250.89352,
              248.95961],
             [267.04382, 268.7188 , 270.05716, ..., 255.62645, 251.6979 ,
              249.10806],
             [267.1875 , 269.101  , 270.3673 , ..., 256.68204, 252.08286,
              249.27045]]]], shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • u_component_of_wind
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    -10.71 -14.92 ... -0.5274 2.565

    array([[[[-1.07077904e+01, -1.49225178e+01, -1.58517208e+01, ...,
              -3.12643967e+01, -3.84384918e+01, -5.75683212e+01],
             [-1.07315702e+01, -1.51179438e+01, -1.54758263e+01, ...,
              -3.32729263e+01, -3.80188217e+01, -5.75119820e+01],
             [-1.07347574e+01, -1.53051186e+01, -1.52670488e+01, ...,
              -3.52321968e+01, -3.76752548e+01, -5.73569298e+01],
             ...,
             [-1.04785395e+01, -1.43590927e+01, -1.68928986e+01, ...,
              -2.69036503e+01, -4.01099472e+01, -5.70525513e+01],
             [-1.05840359e+01, -1.45580292e+01, -1.67221832e+01, ...,
              -2.78724041e+01, -3.95043373e+01, -5.73493576e+01],
             [-1.06596165e+01, -1.47381115e+01, -1.63187618e+01, ...,
              -2.93885098e+01, -3.89363747e+01, -5.75171967e+01]],
    
            [[-4.49280167e+00, -1.69908381e+00, -7.23468351e+00, ...,
              -3.04546051e+01, -4.38029022e+01, -5.77512817e+01],
             [-4.73201275e+00, -1.83018517e+00, -7.12605906e+00, ...,
              -3.01789246e+01, -4.39633904e+01, -5.88081207e+01],
             [-4.96866751e+00, -2.02444983e+00, -6.95506907e+00, ...,
              -2.99233608e+01, -4.40043755e+01, -5.97148132e+01],
    ...
               1.18202078e+00,  2.74045765e-01,  4.98265839e+00],
             [-2.77740860e+00, -4.48989153e-01,  6.73911393e-01, ...,
              -1.84859002e+00, -4.13927287e-01,  4.43532515e+00],
             [-2.76203084e+00, -1.67920828e-01,  9.26687241e-01, ...,
              -4.42918444e+00, -7.73556411e-01,  3.87106967e+00]],
    
            [[-2.79848099e+00,  2.50648186e-02,  1.06202674e+00, ...,
              -4.23742437e+00, -6.71195269e-01,  2.01345778e+00],
             [-2.86310410e+00,  1.42887428e-01,  1.28367054e+00, ...,
              -4.21474171e+00, -5.35182476e-01,  1.36141050e+00],
             [-2.90912914e+00,  3.01484406e-01,  1.62408495e+00, ...,
              -3.58707237e+00, -2.92502642e-01,  7.14399993e-01],
             ...,
             [-2.83278251e+00, -6.94305837e-01,  3.54615152e-01, ...,
               1.53967273e+00,  5.59489191e-01,  3.23358107e+00],
             [-2.77094173e+00, -4.48346078e-01,  6.73928082e-01, ...,
              -1.16705990e+00, -8.57930928e-02,  2.96003771e+00],
             [-2.75927448e+00, -1.68895245e-01,  9.26615596e-01, ...,
              -3.08777261e+00, -5.27416706e-01,  2.56496859e+00]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • v_component_of_wind
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.5623 3.129 ... -5.072 -1.874

    array([[[[ 5.62346578e-01,  3.12903881e+00,  3.28905892e+00, ...,
              -1.14624810e+00,  6.67946994e-01, -1.00736971e+01],
             [ 1.19582586e-01,  2.56982613e+00,  3.17612243e+00, ...,
              -1.21683395e+00,  2.52339005e+00, -7.03560305e+00],
             [-3.05454671e-01,  1.94999397e+00,  3.10555816e+00, ...,
              -7.73423314e-01,  4.22844315e+00, -4.06955719e+00],
             ...,
             [ 1.91371000e+00,  4.56196594e+00,  3.97494864e+00, ...,
               1.36892855e-01, -6.53457451e+00, -1.95740223e+01],
             [ 1.46666646e+00,  4.10787201e+00,  3.66360426e+00, ...,
              -1.01277255e-01, -3.76986599e+00, -1.63492165e+01],
             [ 1.01403737e+00,  3.63483596e+00,  3.44336557e+00, ...,
              -6.88140154e-01, -1.39982569e+00, -1.31809959e+01]],
    
            [[ 4.49206257e+00,  4.86117506e+00,  5.52720976e+00, ...,
              -1.46003265e+01, -1.97441158e+01, -3.34142380e+01],
             [ 4.39446354e+00,  5.00816727e+00,  5.15488911e+00, ...,
              -1.19860172e+01, -1.65069599e+01, -3.00362949e+01],
             [ 4.28684092e+00,  5.12492085e+00,  5.05068398e+00, ...,
              -9.46128941e+00, -1.33719254e+01, -2.66608810e+01],
    ...
              -9.82058907e+00, -8.87758923e+00, -3.20829487e+00],
             [ 9.25086141e-01, -3.96286994e-01, -4.26981002e-02, ...,
              -5.67000246e+00, -7.74450207e+00, -3.47842884e+00],
             [ 7.77499974e-01, -7.25841582e-01, -1.01253760e+00, ...,
              -1.84977019e+00, -6.39354372e+00, -3.61866760e+00]],
    
            [[ 6.18968248e-01, -9.95379448e-01, -2.26794434e+00, ...,
              -3.46667498e-01, -4.09912729e+00, -1.85580444e+00],
             [ 4.72250074e-01, -1.17679286e+00, -2.96933579e+00, ...,
               3.48391570e-02, -3.31566334e+00, -1.74537098e+00],
             [ 3.41865391e-01, -1.31064546e+00, -3.17962599e+00, ...,
              -1.42753318e-01, -2.86802077e+00, -1.58552182e+00],
             ...,
             [ 1.06104779e+00, -1.27451912e-01,  1.88979894e-01, ...,
              -7.99345446e+00, -6.91052008e+00, -1.57416999e+00],
             [ 9.27164733e-01, -3.95791352e-01, -4.36872989e-02, ...,
              -4.94768620e+00, -6.07580805e+00, -1.77718961e+00],
             [ 7.77246475e-01, -7.26565242e-01, -1.01224864e+00, ...,
              -2.35039043e+00, -5.07207775e+00, -1.87435055e+00]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_ice_water_content
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 2.692e-06 2.651e-07

    array([[[[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             ...,
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]],
    
            [[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
    ...
              1.96963992e-05, 9.50717458e-06, 1.62941078e-07],
             [0.00000000e+00, 2.28403565e-06, 3.91906997e-06, ...,
              1.78835253e-05, 1.01664900e-05, 1.82848666e-07],
             [2.05420259e-09, 2.82154224e-06, 3.93821483e-06, ...,
              1.34554366e-05, 1.44446476e-05, 2.40656817e-07]],
    
            [[1.30278828e-08, 3.12924612e-06, 5.27200700e-06, ...,
              4.92852996e-06, 4.78328366e-06, 3.12262387e-07],
             [1.45330539e-08, 2.95026780e-06, 6.60648175e-06, ...,
              3.98932207e-06, 5.29267254e-06, 5.87753277e-07],
             [8.23373298e-08, 3.03301476e-06, 6.10566258e-06, ...,
              4.31792660e-06, 6.08941355e-06, 1.53826841e-06],
             ...,
             [0.00000000e+00, 1.64557161e-06, 5.64723905e-06, ...,
              5.80161941e-06, 5.36721814e-07, 1.95277053e-07],
             [0.00000000e+00, 2.28411000e-06, 3.91926324e-06, ...,
              5.10019754e-06, 9.57592988e-07, 2.31230700e-07],
             [2.06959294e-09, 2.82154065e-06, 3.93823666e-06, ...,
              5.63942558e-06, 2.69214661e-06, 2.65054496e-07]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

  • specific_cloud_liquid_water_content
    (time, level, longitude, latitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.0 0.0 ... 1.323e-06 0.0 0.0

    array([[[[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             ...,
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]],
    
            [[0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, ...,
              0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
    ...
              3.81511640e-08, 2.53736907e-08, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 8.67633446e-07, 1.40318116e-06, ...,
              1.53335679e-06, 2.57092996e-08, 1.29325901e-08],
             [0.00000000e+00, 5.37217375e-07, 3.59365487e-07, ...,
              9.74199793e-06, 2.50846224e-08, 6.79407250e-08]],
    
            [[0.00000000e+00, 1.77390866e-08, 1.51293289e-09, ...,
              1.18857679e-05, 8.73099850e-08, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 5.70468650e-08, ...,
              2.30553997e-05, 9.01155147e-07, 1.86256273e-08],
             [0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00, 1.48094550e-08, ...,
              2.79331052e-05, 3.03883553e-06, 2.75438833e-06],
             ...,
             [0.00000000e+00, 4.92782817e-07, 1.53490248e-06, ...,
              9.36440525e-09, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 8.76975093e-07, 1.40761813e-06, ...,
              1.09223905e-07, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00],
             [0.00000000e+00, 5.33313539e-07, 3.64432140e-07, ...,
              1.32272862e-06, 0.00000000e+00, 0.00000000e+00]]]],
          shape=(1, 37, 128, 64), dtype=float32)

In principle, sim_time_to_datetime64 can calculate output times automatically (e.g., from the outputs of unroll), but this isn’t recommended. Like JAX, this port does math in float32 mode, which can result in significant rounding errors (e.g., up to a few minutes). As illustrated in the forecast_quickstart notebook, we recommend calculating times directly with NumPy or pandas.

Time shifting

In the NeuralGCM paper, we used one other data preparation trick for forcing variables: we shifted them backwards in time (by one day), so we could not be accused of leaking data from the future into our weather forecasts.

This can be reproduced with the selective_temporal_shift() utility, which acts lazily even on datasets that do not fit into memory:

xarray_utils.selective_temporal_shift(
    dataset=full_era5,
    variables=model.forcing_variables,
    time_shift='24 hours',
)

<xarray.Dataset> Size: 4PB
Dimensions:                                                          (
                                                                      time: 1323624,
                                                                      latitude: 721,
                                                                      longitude: 1440,
                                                                      level: 37)
Coordinates:
  * time                                                             (time) datetime64[ns] 11MB ...
  * latitude                                                         (latitude) float32 3kB ...
  * longitude                                                        (longitude) float32 6kB ...
  * level                                                            (level) int64 296B ...
Data variables: (12/273)
    100m_u_component_of_wind                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    100m_v_component_of_wind                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_u_component_of_neutral_wind                                  (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_u_component_of_wind                                          (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_v_component_of_neutral_wind                                  (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    10m_v_component_of_wind                                          (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    ...                                                               ...
    wave_spectral_directional_width_for_swell                        (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_directional_width_for_wind_waves                   (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_kurtosis                                           (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_peakedness                                         (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    wave_spectral_skewness                                           (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
    zero_degree_level                                                (time, latitude, longitude) float32 5TB ...
Attributes:
    last_updated:           2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00
    valid_time_start:       1940-01-01
    valid_time_stop:        2025-12-31
    valid_time_stop_era5t:  2026-06-06

xarray.Dataset

• Dimensions:
  • time: 1323624
  • latitude: 721
  • longitude: 1440
  • level: 37
• Coordinates: (4)
  • time
    (time)
    datetime64[ns]
    1900-01-02 ... 2050-12-31T23:00:00

    array(['1900-01-02T00:00:00.000000000', '1900-01-02T01:00:00.000000000',
           '1900-01-02T02:00:00.000000000', ..., '2050-12-31T21:00:00.000000000',
           '2050-12-31T22:00:00.000000000', '2050-12-31T23:00:00.000000000'],
          shape=(1323624,), dtype='datetime64[ns]')

  • latitude
    (latitude)
    float32
    90.0 89.75 89.5 ... -89.75 -90.0

    long_name :

    latitude

    units :

    degrees_north

    array([ 90.  ,  89.75,  89.5 , ..., -89.5 , -89.75, -90.  ],
          shape=(721,), dtype=float32)

  • longitude
    (longitude)
    float32
    0.0 0.25 0.5 ... 359.2 359.5 359.8

    long_name :

    longitude

    units :

    degrees_east

    array([0.0000e+00, 2.5000e-01, 5.0000e-01, ..., 3.5925e+02, 3.5950e+02,
           3.5975e+02], shape=(1440,), dtype=float32)

  • level
    (level)
    int64
    1 2 3 5 7 ... 900 925 950 975 1000

    long_name :

    level

    units :

    Hectopascal(hPa)

    array([   1,    2,    3,    5,    7,   10,   20,   30,   50,   70,  100,  125,
            150,  175,  200,  225,  250,  300,  350,  400,  450,  500,  550,  600,
            650,  700,  750,  775,  800,  825,  850,  875,  900,  925,  950,  975,
           1000])

• Data variables: (273)
  • 100m_u_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    100 metre U wind component

    short_name :

    u100

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 100m_v_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    100 metre V wind component

    short_name :

    v100

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_u_component_of_neutral_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Neutral wind at 10 m u-component

    short_name :

    u10n

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_u_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre U wind component

    short_name :

    u10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_v_component_of_neutral_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Neutral wind at 10 m v-component

    short_name :

    v10n

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_v_component_of_wind
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre V wind component

    short_name :

    v10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 10m_wind_gust_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind gust since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    fg10

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 2m_dewpoint_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    2 metre dewpoint temperature

    short_name :

    d2m

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • 2m_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    2 metre temperature

    short_name :

    t2m

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • air_density_over_the_oceans
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Air density over the oceans

    short_name :

    p140209

    units :

    kg m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • angle_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Angle of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    anor

    units :

    radians

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • anisotropy_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Anisotropy of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    isor

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • benjamin_feir_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Benjamin-Feir index

    short_name :

    bfi

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • boundary_layer_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Boundary layer dissipation

    short_name :

    bld

    standard_name :

    kinetic_energy_dissipation_in_atmosphere_boundary_layer

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • boundary_layer_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Boundary layer height

    short_name :

    blh

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • charnock
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Charnock

    short_name :

    chnk

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • clear_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Clear-sky direct solar radiation at surface

    short_name :

    cdir

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • cloud_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Cloud base height

    short_name :

    cbh

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • coefficient_of_drag_with_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Coefficient of drag with waves

    short_name :

    cdww

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_available_potential_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective available potential energy

    short_name :

    cape

    units :

    J kg**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_inhibition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective inhibition

    short_name :

    cin

    units :

    J kg**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective precipitation

    short_name :

    cp

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_convective_precipitation_amount

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_rain_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective rain rate

    short_name :

    crr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective snowfall

    short_name :

    csf

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • convective_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Convective snowfall rate water equivalent

    short_name :

    csfr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • downward_uv_radiation_at_the_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Downward UV radiation at the surface

    short_name :

    uvb

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • duct_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Duct base height

    short_name :

    dctb

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Eastward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    lgws

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    ewss

    standard_name :

    surface_downward_eastward_stress

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Evaporation

    short_name :

    e

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_water_evaporation_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_albedo
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast albedo

    short_name :

    fal

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_logarithm_of_surface_roughness_for_heat
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast logarithm of surface roughness for heat

    short_name :

    flsr

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • forecast_surface_roughness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Forecast surface roughness

    short_name :

    fsr

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • fraction_of_cloud_cover
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Fraction of cloud cover

    short_name :

    cc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • free_convective_velocity_over_the_oceans
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Free convective velocity over the oceans

    short_name :

    p140208

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • friction_velocity
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Friction velocity

    short_name :

    zust

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • geopotential
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • geopotential_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Geopotential

    short_name :

    z

    standard_name :

    geopotential

    units :

    m**2 s**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • gravity_wave_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Gravity wave dissipation

    short_name :

    gwd

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • high_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    High cloud cover

    short_name :

    hcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • high_vegetation_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    High vegetation cover

    short_name :

    cvh

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 1

    short_name :

    istl1

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 2

    short_name :

    istl2

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 3

    short_name :

    istl3

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ice_temperature_layer_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ice temperature layer 4

    short_name :

    istl4

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_10m_wind_gust
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous 10 metre wind gust

    short_name :

    i10fg

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    iews

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_large_scale_surface_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous large-scale surface precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    ilspf

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_moisture_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous moisture flux

    short_name :

    ie

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    inss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • instantaneous_surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Instantaneous surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    ishf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • k_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    K index

    short_name :

    kx

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_bottom_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake bottom temperature

    short_name :

    lblt

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake cover

    short_name :

    cl

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake total depth

    short_name :

    dl

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_ice_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake ice total depth

    short_name :

    licd

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_ice_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake ice surface temperature

    short_name :

    lict

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_mix_layer_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake mix-layer depth

    short_name :

    lmld

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_mix_layer_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake mix-layer temperature

    short_name :

    lmlt

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_shape_factor
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake shape factor

    short_name :

    lshf

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • lake_total_layer_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Lake total layer temperature

    short_name :

    ltlt

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • land_sea_mask
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Land-sea mask

    short_name :

    lsm

    standard_name :

    land_binary_mask

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale precipitation

    short_name :

    lsp

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_stratiform_precipitation_amount

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    lspf

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_rain_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large scale rain rate

    short_name :

    lsrr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large-scale snowfall

    short_name :

    lsf

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • large_scale_snowfall_rate_water_equivalent
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Large scale snowfall rate water equivalent

    short_name :

    lssfr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • leaf_area_index_high_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Leaf area index, high vegetation

    short_name :

    lai_hv

    units :

    m**2 m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • leaf_area_index_low_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Leaf area index, low vegetation

    short_name :

    lai_lv

    units :

    m**2 m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • low_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Low cloud cover

    short_name :

    lcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • low_vegetation_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Low vegetation cover

    short_name :

    cvl

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mx2t

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_individual_wave_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum individual wave height

    short_name :

    hmax

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • maximum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Maximum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mxtpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_boundary_layer_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean boundary layer dissipation

    short_name :

    mbld

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_convective_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean convective precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mcpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_convective_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean convective snowfall rate

    short_name :

    mcsr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_direction_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean direction of total swell

    short_name :

    mdts

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_direction_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean direction of wind waves

    short_name :

    mdww

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_eastward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean eastward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    megwss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_eastward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean eastward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    metss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mer

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_gravity_wave_dissipation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean gravity wave dissipation

    short_name :

    mgwd

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_precipitation_fraction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale precipitation fraction

    short_name :

    mlspf

    units :

    Proportion

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mlspr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_large_scale_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean large-scale snowfall rate

    short_name :

    mlssr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean northward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    mngwss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    mntss

    units :

    N m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_period_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean period of total swell

    short_name :

    mpts

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_period_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean period of wind waves

    short_name :

    mpww

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_potential_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean potential evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mper

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean runoff rate

    short_name :

    mror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_sea_level_pressure
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean sea level pressure

    short_name :

    msl

    standard_name :

    air_pressure_at_mean_sea_level

    units :

    Pa

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snow_evaporation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snow evaporation rate

    short_name :

    mser

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snowfall_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snowfall rate

    short_name :

    msr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_snowmelt_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean snowmelt rate

    short_name :

    msmr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_square_slope_of_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean square slope of waves

    short_name :

    msqs

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_sub_surface_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean sub-surface runoff rate

    short_name :

    mssror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdrswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_direct_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface direct short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdrswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdwlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msdwswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_downward_uv_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface downward UV radiation flux

    short_name :

    msdwuvrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_latent_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface latent heat flux

    short_name :

    mslhf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msnlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msnlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    msnswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    msnswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_runoff_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface runoff rate

    short_name :

    msror

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    msshf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_downward_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top downward short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtdwswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net long-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtnlwrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_long_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net long-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    mtnlwrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net short-wave radiation flux

    short_name :

    mtnswrf

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_top_net_short_wave_radiation_flux_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean top net short-wave radiation flux, clear sky

    short_name :

    mtnswrfcs

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_total_precipitation_rate
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean total precipitation rate

    short_name :

    mtpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer

    short_name :

    dndza

    units :

    m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean vertically integrated moisture divergence

    short_name :

    mvimd

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction

    short_name :

    mwd

    units :

    Degree true

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140122

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140125

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_direction_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave direction of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140128

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period

    short_name :

    mwp

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment

    short_name :

    mp1

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment for swell

    short_name :

    p1ps

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_first_moment_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on first moment for wind waves

    short_name :

    p1ww

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on second moment for swell

    short_name :

    p2ps

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_based_on_second_moment_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period based on second moment for wind waves

    short_name :

    p2ww

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140123

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140126

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_wave_period_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean wave period of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140129

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • mean_zero_crossing_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Mean zero-crossing wave period

    short_name :

    mp2

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • medium_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Medium cloud cover

    short_name :

    mcc

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_2m_temperature_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum temperature at 2 metres since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mn2t

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_total_precipitation_rate_since_previous_post_processing
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum total precipitation rate since previous post-processing

    short_name :

    mntpr

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • minimum_vertical_gradient_of_refractivity_inside_trapping_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Minimum vertical gradient of refractivity inside trapping layer

    short_name :

    dndzn

    units :

    m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • model_bathymetry
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Model bathymetry

    short_name :

    wmb

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • near_ir_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Near IR albedo for diffuse radiation

    short_name :

    alnid

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • near_ir_albedo_for_direct_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Near IR albedo for direct radiation

    short_name :

    alnip

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_energy_flux_into_ocean
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized energy flux into ocean

    short_name :

    phioc

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_energy_flux_into_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized energy flux into waves

    short_name :

    phiaw

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • normalized_stress_into_ocean
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Normalized stress into ocean

    short_name :

    tauoc

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • northward_gravity_wave_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Northward gravity wave surface stress

    short_name :

    mgws

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • northward_turbulent_surface_stress
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Northward turbulent surface stress

    short_name :

    nsss

    standard_name :

    surface_downward_northward_stress

    units :

    N m**-2 s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_direction
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind direction

    short_name :

    dwi

    units :

    degrees

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ocean_surface_stress_equivalent_10m_neutral_wind_speed
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    10 metre wind speed

    short_name :

    wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • ozone_mass_mixing_ratio
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Ozone mass mixing ratio

    short_name :

    o3

    standard_name :

    mass_fraction_of_ozone_in_air

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • peak_wave_period
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Peak wave period

    short_name :

    pp1d

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • period_corresponding_to_maximum_individual_wave_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Period corresponding to maximum individual wave height

    short_name :

    tmax

    units :

    s

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • potential_evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Potential evaporation

    short_name :

    pev

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • potential_vorticity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Potential vorticity

    short_name :

    pv

    units :

    K m**2 kg**-1 s**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • precipitation_type
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Precipitation type

    short_name :

    ptype

    units :

    code table (4.201)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Runoff

    short_name :

    ro

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • sea_ice_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sea ice area fraction

    short_name :

    siconc

    standard_name :

    sea_ice_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • sea_surface_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sea surface temperature

    short_name :

    sst

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_combined_wind_waves_and_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of combined wind waves and swell

    short_name :

    swh

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_total_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of total swell

    short_name :

    shts

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_height_of_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant height of wind waves

    short_name :

    shww

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_first_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of first swell partition

    short_name :

    p140121

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_second_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of second swell partition

    short_name :

    p140124

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • significant_wave_height_of_third_swell_partition
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Significant wave height of third swell partition

    short_name :

    p140127

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • skin_reservoir_content
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Skin reservoir content

    short_name :

    src

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • skin_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Skin temperature

    short_name :

    skt

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • slope_of_sub_gridscale_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Slope of sub-gridscale orography

    short_name :

    slor

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_albedo
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow albedo

    short_name :

    asn

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_density
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow density

    short_name :

    rsn

    units :

    kg m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_depth
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow depth

    short_name :

    sd

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_surface_snow_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snow_evaporation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snow evaporation

    short_name :

    es

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snowfall
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snowfall

    short_name :

    sf

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_snowfall_amount

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • snowmelt
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Snowmelt

    short_name :

    smlt

    units :

    m of water equivalent

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 1

    short_name :

    stl1

    standard_name :

    surface_temperature

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 2

    short_name :

    stl2

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 3

    short_name :

    stl3

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_temperature_level_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil temperature level 4

    short_name :

    stl4

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • soil_type
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Soil type

    short_name :

    slt

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_cloud_ice_water_content
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific cloud ice water content

    short_name :

    ciwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_cloud_liquid_water_content
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific cloud liquid water content

    short_name :

    clwc

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • specific_humidity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Specific humidity

    short_name :

    q

    standard_name :

    specific_humidity

    units :

    kg kg**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • standard_deviation_of_filtered_subgrid_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Standard deviation of filtered subgrid orography

    short_name :

    sdfor

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • standard_deviation_of_orography
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Standard deviation of orography

    short_name :

    sdor

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • sub_surface_runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Sub-surface runoff

    short_name :

    ssro

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_latent_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface latent heat flux

    short_name :

    slhf

    standard_name :

    surface_upward_latent_heat_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net solar radiation

    short_name :

    ssr

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net solar radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    ssrc

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_thermal_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net thermal radiation

    short_name :

    str

    standard_name :

    surface_net_upward_longwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface net thermal radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    strc

    standard_name :

    surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_pressure
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface pressure

    short_name :

    sp

    standard_name :

    surface_air_pressure

    units :

    Pa

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_runoff
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface runoff

    short_name :

    sro

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_sensible_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface sensible heat flux

    short_name :

    sshf

    standard_name :

    surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_solar_radiation_downward_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface solar radiation downward clear-sky

    short_name :

    ssrdc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_solar_radiation_downwards
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface solar radiation downwards

    short_name :

    ssrd

    standard_name :

    surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_thermal_radiation_downward_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface thermal radiation downward clear-sky

    short_name :

    strdc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • surface_thermal_radiation_downwards
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Surface thermal radiation downwards

    short_name :

    strd

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • temperature
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Temperature

    short_name :

    t

    standard_name :

    air_temperature

    units :

    K

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • temperature_of_snow_layer
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Temperature of snow layer

    short_name :

    tsn

    standard_name :

    temperature_in_surface_snow

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • toa_incident_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    TOA incident solar radiation

    short_name :

    tisr

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_solar_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net solar radiation

    short_name :

    tsr

    standard_name :

    toa_net_upward_shortwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_solar_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net solar radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    tsrc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_thermal_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net thermal radiation

    short_name :

    ttr

    standard_name :

    toa_outgoing_longwave_flux

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • top_net_thermal_radiation_clear_sky
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Top net thermal radiation, clear sky

    short_name :

    ttrc

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_cloud_cover
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total cloud cover

    short_name :

    tcc

    standard_name :

    cloud_area_fraction

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_cloud_ice_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column cloud ice water

    short_name :

    tciw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_cloud_liquid_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column cloud liquid water

    short_name :

    tclw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_ozone
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column ozone

    short_name :

    tco3

    standard_name :

    atmosphere_mass_content_of_ozone

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_rain_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column rain water

    short_name :

    tcrw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_snow_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column snow water

    short_name :

    tcsw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_supercooled_liquid_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column supercooled liquid water

    short_name :

    tcslw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_water
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column water

    short_name :

    tcw

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_column_water_vapour
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total column vertically-integrated water vapour

    short_name :

    tcwv

    standard_name :

    lwe_thickness_of_atmosphere_mass_content_of_water_vapor

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_precipitation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total precipitation

    short_name :

    tp

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_sky_direct_solar_radiation_at_surface
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total sky direct solar radiation at surface

    short_name :

    fdir

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • total_totals_index
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Total totals index

    short_name :

    totalx

    units :

    K

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • trapping_layer_base_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Trapping layer base height

    short_name :

    tplb

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • trapping_layer_top_height
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Trapping layer top height

    short_name :

    tplt

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • type_of_high_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Type of high vegetation

    short_name :

    tvh

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • type_of_low_vegetation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Type of low vegetation

    short_name :

    tvl

    units :

    ~

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • u_component_of_wind
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    U component of wind

    short_name :

    u

    standard_name :

    eastward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • u_component_stokes_drift
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    U-component stokes drift

    short_name :

    ust

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • uv_visible_albedo_for_diffuse_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    UV visible albedo for diffuse radiation

    short_name :

    aluvd

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • uv_visible_albedo_for_direct_radiation
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    UV visible albedo for direct radiation

    short_name :

    aluvp

    units :

    (0 - 1)

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • v_component_of_wind
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    V component of wind

    short_name :

    v

    standard_name :

    northward_wind

    units :

    m s**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • v_component_stokes_drift
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    V-component stokes drift

    short_name :

    vst

    units :

    m s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p80.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p79.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p85.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p82.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of mass flux

    short_name :

    p81.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_moisture_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of moisture flux

    short_name :

    p84.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of ozone flux

    short_name :

    p87.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_thermal_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of thermal energy flux

    short_name :

    p83.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_divergence_of_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of divergence of total energy flux

    short_name :

    p86.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p90.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p88.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p73.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward heat flux

    short_name :

    p69.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p67.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward mass flux

    short_name :

    p65.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward ozone flux

    short_name :

    p77.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward total energy flux

    short_name :

    p75.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_eastward_water_vapour_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of eastward water vapour flux

    short_name :

    p71.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_energy_conversion
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of energy conversion

    short_name :

    p64.162

    units :

    W m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_kinetic_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of kinetic energy

    short_name :

    p59.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_mass_of_atmosphere
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of mass of atmosphere

    short_name :

    p53.162

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_mass_tendency
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of mass tendency

    short_name :

    p92.162

    units :

    kg m**-2 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_frozen_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward cloud frozen water flux

    short_name :

    p91.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_cloud_liquid_water_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward cloud liquid water flux

    short_name :

    p89.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_geopotential_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward geopotential flux

    short_name :

    p74.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_heat_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward heat flux

    short_name :

    p70.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_kinetic_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward kinetic energy flux

    short_name :

    p68.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_mass_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward mass flux

    short_name :

    p66.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_ozone_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward ozone flux

    short_name :

    p78.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_total_energy_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward total energy flux

    short_name :

    p76.162

    units :

    W m**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_northward_water_vapour_flux
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of northward water vapour flux

    short_name :

    p72.162

    units :

    kg m**-1 s**-1

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_potential_and_internal_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of potential+internal energy

    short_name :

    p61.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_potential_internal_and_latent_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of potential+internal+latent energy

    short_name :

    p62.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_temperature
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of temperature

    short_name :

    p54.162

    units :

    K kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_thermal_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of thermal energy

    short_name :

    p60.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_integral_of_total_energy
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical integral of total energy

    short_name :

    p63.162

    units :

    J m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertical_velocity
    (time, level, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertical velocity

    short_name :

    w

    standard_name :

    lagrangian_tendency_of_air_pressure

    units :

    Pa s**-1

    [50846857125120 values with dtype=float32]

  • vertically_integrated_moisture_divergence
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Vertically integrated moisture divergence

    short_name :

    vimd

    units :

    kg m**-2

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_1
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 1

    short_name :

    swvl1

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_2
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 2

    short_name :

    swvl2

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_3
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 3

    short_name :

    swvl3

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • volumetric_soil_water_layer_4
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Volumetric soil water layer 4

    short_name :

    swvl4

    units :

    m**3 m**-3

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width

    short_name :

    wdw

    units :

    radians

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width_for_swell
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width for swell

    short_name :

    dwps

    units :

    radians

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_directional_width_for_wind_waves
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral directional width for wind waves

    short_name :

    dwww

    units :

    radians

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_kurtosis
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral kurtosis

    short_name :

    wsk

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_peakedness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave spectral peakedness

    short_name :

    wsp

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • wave_spectral_skewness
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    Wave Spectral Skewness

    short_name :

    wss

    units :

    dimensionless

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

  • zero_degree_level
    (time, latitude, longitude)
    float32
    ...

    long_name :

    0 degrees C isothermal level (atm)

    short_name :

    deg0l

    units :

    m

    [1374239381760 values with dtype=float32]

• Attributes: (4)

  last_updated :

  2026-06-12 02:43:37.240316+00:00

  valid_time_start :

  1940-01-01

  valid_time_stop :

  2025-12-31

  valid_time_stop_era5t :

  2026-06-06